Shondrea Dinnat and Denny Dinnat v. Dr. David Spence Texada

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

09-665

SHONDREA DINNAT AND DENNY DINNAT

VERSUS

DR. DAVID SPENCE TEXADA, ET AL.

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SUPERVISORY WRIT FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 230,056, DIVISION “F”
HONORABLE GEORGE C. METOYER, JR., DISTRICT JUDGE

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ON REMAND FROM THE
LOUISIANA SUPREME COURT

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JAMES T. GENOVESE
JUDGE

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Court composed of John D. Saunders, Billy H. Ezell, and James T. Genovese, Judges.

WRIT GRANTED AND MADE PEREMPTORY.

David R. Sobel
Jeremy C. Cedars
Provosty, Sadler, deLaunay, Fiorenza & Sobel
934 Third Street, Suite 800
Post Office Drawer 1791
Alexandria, Louisiana 71309-1791
(318) 445-3631
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPLICANT:
CHRISTUS St. Frances Cabrini Hospital

David A. Woolridge, Jr.
Carlton Jones, III
Roedel, Parsons, Koch, Blache, Balhoff & McCollister, A L.C.
8440 Jefferson Highway, Suite 301
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809-7652
(225) 929-7033
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT:
Louisiana Patient’s Compensation Fund Oversight Board

Peter T. Dazzio
Chris J. LeBlanc
Watson, Blanche, Wilson & Posner
505 North Boulevard
Post Office Drawer 2995
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70821-2995
(225) 387-5511
COUNSEL FOR AMICUS CURIAE:
Louisiana Hospital Association and
Louisiana Hospital Association Medical
Malpractice and General Liability Trust

Charles D. Elliott
Vilar & Elliott, L.L.C.
3709 Masonic Drive
Post Office Box 12730
Alexandria, Louisiana 71315-2730
(318) 442-9533
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS:
Shondrea Dinnat and Denny Dinnat

Victor H. Sooter
Sooter & Associates, A Limited Liability Company
1330 Third Street
Post Office Drawer 1671
Alexandria, Louisiana 71301
(318) 448-8301
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT:
Dr. David Spence Texada

Normand F. Pizza
Milling Benson Woodward, L.L.P.
909 Poydras Street, 2300
New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-1010
(504) 569-7000
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT:
Louisiana Medical Mutual Insurance Company

GENOVESE, Judge.

This case comes before this court pursuant to remand from the Louisiana

Supreme Court. Defendant/Applicant, CHRISTUS Health Central Louisiana

d/b/a CHRISTUS St. Frances Cabrini Hospital (Cabrini), initially applied for

supervisory writs with this court to reverse the judgment of the trial court denying its

Exception of Prematurity with regard to a medical malpractice claim. This court

denied Cabrini’s writ finding “no error in the trial court’s ruling.” Cabrini then

applied for a writ of certiorari with the Louisiana Supreme Court. Cabrini’s writ to

the supreme court was granted, and the case was remanded to us for briefing,

argument, and opinion. For the reasons that follow, we grant the writ and make it

peremptory.

FACTS

Plaintiff, Shondrea Dinnat, underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy

performed by Defendant, Dr. David Spence Texada, at Cabrini, on or about

December 5, 2006. During this surgical procedure, it is alleged that Dr. Texada

negligently injured Mrs. Dinnat’s right ureter.

Mrs. Dinnat and her husband, Denny Dinnat, filed a civil suit in tort naming

as Defendants, Dr. Texada, his alleged insurer, Louisiana Medical Mutual Insurance

Company (LAMMICO),1 Cabrini, and the Louisiana Patient’s Compensation

Fund (PCF). Mr. Dinnat’s claim is for loss of consortium.

Mrs. Dinnat’s only allegation against Cabrini, as set forth in paragraph twelve

of the original and first supplemental and amending petitions, is as follows (emphasis

added):

1
LAMMICO has since been dismissed from this litigation.

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12.

On information and belief, Cabrini is solidarily liable with
Dr. Texada for the damages suffered by plaintiffs because Cabrini was
aware of multiple prior acts of malpractice committed by Dr. Texada,
and Cabrini failed to suspend or revoke Dr. Texada’s hospital
privileges. On information and belief, Cabrini finally revoked
Dr. Texada’s privileges following the malpractice in this case.

In response to Plaintiffs’ lawsuit, Cabrini filed an Exception of Prematurity

stating that Plaintiffs’ claim against it was covered under the definition of

“malpractice” in the Medical Malpractice Act (MMA) as set forth in

La.R.S. 40:1299.41(A)(13).2 The trial court denied Cabrini’s exception. This court

denied supervisory writs, finding no error in the trial court’s ruling. The Louisiana

Supreme Court granted Cabrini’s Writ of Certiorari and has remanded the case to this

court for briefing, argument, and opinion.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

Counsel for Cabrini presents two assignments of error for review:

1. The trial court erred by failing to apply the test set forth in
Coleman v. Deno, 01-1517 (La. 1/25/02), 813 So.2d 303, to
determine whether the Plaintiffs’ allegation against Cabrini is
“malpractice” as defined by the MMA.

2. The trial court erred in denying the Exception filed on behalf of
CHRISTUS St. Frances Cabrini Hospital.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

The allegations in Plaintiffs’ original and first and supplemental amending

petitions claim that Cabrini “was aware of multiple prior acts of malpractice

2
The definition of “malpractice,” previously found in La.R.S. 40:1299.41(A)(8), is now
contained in La.R.S. 40:1299.41(A)(13) pursuant to the 2008 revision which amended subsection A
to place the definitions in alphabetical order.

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committed by Dr. Texada, and Cabrini failed to suspend or revoke Dr. Texada’s

hospital privileges.” There is no mention in Plaintiffs’ original petition or in any of

the supplemental and amending petitions of any allegation against Cabrini for

negligent credentialing. Basically, Plaintiffs’ claim against Dr. Texada is one of

negligent supervision, not negligent credentialing.

Though the word “credentialing” is commonly referred to by all parties, this

is not a negligent credentialing case. As stated in Black’s Law Dictionary 395 (8th ed.

2004), the word “credential” is defined as “a document or other evidence that proves

one’s authority or expertise.” Plaintiffs do not allege that Cabrini should not have

allowed Dr. Texada hospital privileges or that he lacked the authority to perform

surgery at its hospital. To the contrary, Plaintiffs only and specifically allege that,

Dr. Texada’s privileges should have been suspended or revoked because of his prior

malpractice. Therefore, the legal issue before us is not whether Dr. Texada, initially,

was negligently credentialed, but whether he was negligently supervised after being

credentialed.

This is critical to Plaintiffs’ case as the term “credentialing” is not listed in the

definition of malpractice in the MMA. Louisiana Revised Statutes

40:1299.41(A)(13) (emphasis added), as amended in 2001, defines “malpractice,” in

pertinent part, as:

[A]ny unintentional tort or any breach of contract based on health care
or professional services rendered, or which should have been rendered,
by a health care provider, to a patient, including failure to render
services timely and the handling of a patient, including loading and
unloading of a patient, and also includes all legal responsibility of a
health care provider arising from acts or omissions . . . , in the training
or supervision of health care providers

Counsel for Cabrini argues that the allegations in Plaintiffs’ original and

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supplemental and amending petitions are covered under the language of the MMA.

Counsel for the PCF argues that the case of Bickham v. Inphynet, Inc., 03-1897

(La.App. 1 Cir. 9/24/04), 899 So.2d 15, writ denied, 04-2638 (La. 12/17/04),

888 So.2d 876, applies to the case at bar. However, Bickham is a negligent

credentialing case prior to the 2001 amendment to the MMA. It is, therefore,

distinguishable and inapplicable since the case at bar is not a credentialing case, and

the provisions prior to the 2001 amendment to the MMA do apply to Plaintiffs’

allegation in the petitions. Counsel for the PCF also refers to the case of Eusea v.

Blanchard, 04-1855 (La.App. 1 Cir. 2/11/05), 899 So.2d 41, which, like Bickham,

was decided pursuant to the definition of malpractice that was in effect prior to the

2001 amendment and is likewise inapplicable.

Plaintiffs specifically allege that Cabrini should have suspended or revoked

Dr. Texada’s hospital privileges because of his prior acts of malpractice. This

allegation presupposes the fact that Dr. Texada already had hospital privileges and,

hence, had already been credentialed. Additionally, Plaintiffs neither mention nor

claim any negligent credentialing of Dr. Texada either at the onset or during his

tenure at Cabrini. Hence, Plaintiffs’ claim is specifically one of negligent

supervision. We find that Plaintiffs’ allegations are tantamount to a claim of

negligent supervision, not negligent credentialing, and are thus covered under the

MMA. The general rule is that any conduct by a hospital of which a patient

complains is within the scope of the MMA if it comes within the definitions of the

MMA, even if there are alternative theories of liability. Richard v. Louisiana

Extended Care Centers, Inc., 02-978 (La. 1/14/03), 835 So.2d 460. The current

definition of malpractice appearing at La.R.S. 40:1299.41(A)(13), which is applicable

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in this case, specifically includes “all legal responsibility of a health care provider

arising from acts or omissions . . . in the training or supervision of health care

providers.” “When a law is clear and unambiguous and its application does not lead

to absurd consequences, the law shall be applied as written and no further

interpretation may be made in search of the intent of the legislature.” La.Civ.Code

art. 9. Because Plaintiffs’ claim is one of negligent supervision, and because

negligent supervision is specifically defined as an act of malpractice under the MMA,

as of the 2001 amendment, the MMA applies.

Additionally, we will address the six-prong test originally set forth in

Coleman v. Deno, 01-1517 (La. 1/25/02), 813 So.2d 303, which analysis our supreme

court has repeatedly stated must be performed when attempting to determine whether

an allegation is malpractice as defined by the MMA. See, e.g., Blevins v. Hamilton

Medical Ctr., 07-127 (La. 6/29/07), 959 So.2d 440; Williamson v. Hosp. Serv. Dist.

No. 1 of Jefferson, 04-451 (La. 12/1/04), 888 So.2d 782; Richard, 835 So.2d 460.

The six factors of the Coleman test are as follows:

(1) whether the particular wrong is “treatment related” or caused by a
dereliction of professional skill; (2) whether the wrong requires expert
medical evidence to determine whether the appropriate standard of care
was breached; (3) whether the pertinent act or omission involved
assessment of the patient’s condition; (4) whether an incident occurred
in the context of a physician-patient relationship, or was within the
scope of activities which a hospital is licensed to perform; (5) whether
the injury would have occurred if the patient had not sought treatment;
and (6) whether the tort alleged was intentional.

Richard, 835 So.2d at 469.

As to the first factor of the Coleman test, Plaintiffs allege “prior acts of

malpractice” committed by Dr. Texada; therefore, the particular wrong is “treatment

related” and is also alleged to be caused by a “dereliction of professional skill.”

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Hence, the first factor of Coleman is satisfied.

As to the second factor of the Coleman test, Plaintiffs’ allegation of “prior acts

of malpractice” committed by Dr. Texada will require “expert medical evidence to

determine whether the appropriate standard of care was breached.” Hence, the second

factor of Coleman is satisfied.

As to the third factor of the Coleman test, Plaintiffs’ allegation of “prior acts

of malpractice” committed by Dr. Texada will involve an “assessment of the patient’s

condition.” Hence, the third factor of the Coleman test is satisfied.

As to the fourth factor of the Coleman test, Plaintiffs’ allegation that “Cabrini

failed to suspend or revoke Dr. Texada’s hospital privileges” is “within the scope of

activities which a hospital is licensed to perform” as set forth in La.R.S. 40:2114.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 40:2114(E) provides: “A hospital shall establish rules,

regulations, and procedures setting forth the nature, extent, and type of staff

membership and clinical privileges, as well as the limitations placed by the hospital

on said staff membership and clinical privileges for all health care providers

practicing therein.” Hence, the fourth factor of Coleman is satisfied.

As to the fifth factor of the Coleman test, any injury suffered by Ms. Dinnat as

a result of Cabrini’s alleged negligence “would [not] have occurred if [she] had not

sought treatment” from Dr. Texada at Cabrini. Hence, the fifth factor of Coleman is

satisfied.

As to the sixth factor of the Coleman test, since the alleged acts and/or

omissions made by Plaintiffs are not allegations of an “intentional tort,” the sixth

factor in Coleman is inapplicable and impertinent.

Having thoroughly considered Plaintiffs’ allegations in the petitions, the MMA,

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specifically the applicable and current definition of malpractice set forth in the act,

and the six factors of the Coleman test, we find that Plaintiffs’ claim is one of

negligent supervision3 and that it is an act of malpractice covered under the MMA.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, we grant the writ and make it peremptory; we

reverse the judgment of the trial court denying the Exception of Prematurity filed by

CHRISTUS Health Central Louisiana d/b/a CHRISTUS St. Frances Cabrini Hospital;

we grant the Exception of Prematurity; and, we dismiss the petitions of Shondrea and

Denny Dinnat without prejudice so that this matter can be submitted to a medical

review panel.

WRIT GRANTED AND MADE PEREMPTORY.

3
Though counsel have presented arguments relative to the issue of “credentialing,” said issue
was neither pled by the Plaintiffs, nor decided by the trial court; therefore, it is not before this court.

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