State in the Interest of D.B. v. M. and L. O.

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

03-1408

STATE OF LOUISIANA, IN THE INTEREST OF D.B.

VERSUS

M. O. AND L.O.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF CALCASIEU, JUV. # 16368
HONORABLE GUY BRADBERRY, PRESIDING

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SYLVIA R. COOKS
JUDGE
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Court composed of Sylvia R. Cooks, Marc T. Amy, and Elizabeth A. Pickett, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Stephen Berniard, Jr.
Raggio, Cappel, Chozen & Berniard
1011 Lakeshore Drive, Suite 500
Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601
(337) 436-9481
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana, Department of Social Services

Jamie Bice
Bice & Palermo
723 Kirby Street
P.O. Box 2125
Lake Charles, Louisiana 70602
(337) 310-1600
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
D.B., a minor

Henry Liles

Liles and Redd
940 Ryan Street
Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601
(337) 433-8529
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT/INTERVENORS:
M.O. and L.O.

COOKS, Judge.

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STATEMENT OF THE CASE

M.O. and L.O. appeal the decision of the juvenile court placing the minor child,

D.B., age five, in the home of his great-aunt, V. V. and her husband C.V. who reside

in Port Arthur, Texas. M.O. and L.O. wish to adopt D.B. and became involved in the

judicial determination of D.B.’s placement by petition of intervention.

On June 27, 2001, the State of Louisiana, Department of Social Services, Office

of Community Services (OCS) filed a petition to have D.B. removed from the custody

of his biological mother and adjudicated a child in need of care. The minor child, age

three at the time, was found with cigarette burns on his arm and fingertips. On August

17, 2001 following a hearing, D.B. was adjudicated a child in need of care and was

placed in the certified foster home of S.F. in Welch, Louisiana. At the same time,

OCS began to search for permanent placement with a relative of the child. A study

was conducted to evaluate the home of C.V. , stepmother of D.B.’s father. She could

not take D.B. because of the presence of children and grandchildren already residing

in the home. Another study was conducted to evaluate the home of D.B.’s maternal

grandparents. Their home was not suitable because of past and pending criminal

charges against D.B.’s maternal grandfather.

As early as August 17, 2001, an OCS report indicates the department was in the

process of conducting a study on the home of D.B.’s paternal great-aunt, V. V., in Port

Arthur, Texas. The V.V., and her husband, C.V., were identified by D.B.’s father as

relatives who may be willing to care for D.B. On December 4, 2001, OCS requested

the State of Texas conduct a study on home of V.V. pursuant to the provisions of the

Interstate Compact for the Protection of Children.

On February 28, 2002, OCS received a favorable written report from its

counterpart agency in Texas regarding V. V.’s home. Pursuant to that favorable

report, D.B. was placed in V.V.’s home on May 10, 2002, after two trial weekend

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visits. Currently, D.B. is residing with V.V. and C.V. with legal custody remaining

in OCS. When D.B.’s parents failed to work on a case plan for D.B., OCS changed

the case plan for D.B. from reunification to adoption. On November 15, 2002, a

judgment was entered terminating all parental rights and certifying D.B. for adoption.

It was from August 17, 2001 to May 10, 2002, while D.B. was in the certified

foster care of S.F., that M.O. and L.O. became involved in D.B.’s life. The foster

mother, S.F., found D.B. difficult and disruptive and requested funds from OCS to

place D.B. in daycare. During this time, M.O. and L.O., friends of the foster parents

began to help the couple by babysitting for D.B. on a regular basis, on weekends and

on holidays. M.O. and L.O. became attached to D.B. and on June 11, 2002, M.O and

L.O. intervened in the juvenile proceeding seeking placement of D.B. in their home

and seeking to adopt D.B.

A disposition hearing was held on February 6, 2003. An attorney was

appointed to represent the interests of the minor child. OCS recommended that D.B.

remain in V.V.’s home with adoption by V.V. and C.V. being the permanent goal.

Following a two-day hearing, the juvenile court continued placement of the child in

the V. home. However, the court found the case plan proposed by OCS inappropriate

and ordered OCS to revise the plan to include the following: (1) a medical report to

validate and explain D.B.’s medication provided in the diagnosis of A.D.H.D.; (2) the

effect of the current sleeping arrangements in the V. home and plans for future

sleeping arrangements; (3) an assessment of the language barrier; (4) the effects of a

bilingual home on D.B.’s speech impediment; (4) a follow-up with Dr. Menou and a

report from her to be submitted to the court five days prior to a hearing; (5) a family

therapy plan to address future functioning of the family to address the specific needs

of D.B.; (6) updated background checks. The juvenile court judge allowed monthly

visitation by the M.O. and L.O. to continue pending another disposition hearing.

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A second hearing was held on March 28, 2003. At the conclusion, the juvenile

court was satisfied that OCS had adequately addressed all issues. The juvenile court

approved the case plan allowing continued physical custody with V.V., with the

eventual goal of adoption. The M.O. and L.O. filed this appeal asserting the following

assignments of error:

(1) The trial court erred in allowing C.A. , daughter of V.V., to testify
despite the fact that she violated a sequestration order;

(2) The trial court abused its discretion in approving placement of D.B.
in the home of a distant relative and approving the relative for adoption.;

(3) The trial court erred in failing to give proper weight to the position
of D.B.’s attorney and to the wishes and desires of D.B.’s parents or
foster parents.

For the reasons assigned below, we affirm the decision of the juvenile court.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Testimony of C. A.

M.O. and L.O. contend the juvenile court improperly allowed the testimony of

C.A., daughter of V.V. Prior to testifying, C.A. admitted to discussing with her

mother and stepfather the substance of their testimony. However, the juvenile court

judge noted, the testimony by the V.V. and her husband, C.V., provided very little in

the way of substantive evidence since neither parent spoke or understood much

English. The juvenile court found justice would be better served by allowing the

testimony of C.A. regarding her role in D.B.’s care and the day-to-day living

conditions within the home. We find no error in this decision. It is within the juvenile

court’s discretion to allow a witness to testify even if the sequestration order is

violated. State v. Kimble, 407 So.2d 693 (La.1981); State v. Wilson, 520 So.2d 935

(La.App. 3 Cir. 1987).

OCS Case Plan for D.B.

Under the statutory scheme of the Louisiana Children’s Code, when a court

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assigns custody of a child to OCS, OCS “shall have sole authority over the placements

within its resources and sole authority over the allocation of other available resources

within the department for children judicially committed to it’s custody.” La.Ch.Code

art. 672(A). This article has been interpreted to mean once custody of a child is

placed with OCS, if the court finds the child is not being properly cared for it may

remove the child from the custody of OCS. However, the court is without power to

designate a particular treatment plan or placement. State in the Interest of L.C.B., 01-

2441 (La. 1/15/02), 805 So.2d 159. Once the department has obtained custody,

statutory provisions require OCS to formulate a case plan for the child which shall be

reviewed by the court at a case review hearing. La.Ch.C. arts. 673 and 677. At the

case review hearing, the court may approve the plan or find that the case plan is not

appropriate and order OCS to revise the case plan accordingly. La.Ch.C. art. 700;

State in the Interest of L.C.B., 01-2441 (La. 1/15/02), 805 So.2d 159. In State in the

Interest of L.C.B., the court stated:

Under the statutory scheme in place for children adjudicated in
need of care and placed in the custody of OCS, the court retains the
ultimate authority over a child’s placement and may approve or reject a
case plan submitted by the Department, but it may not revise the plan or
make any particular placements itself.

Id. at 165.

Under La.Ch.C. art 702, the court shall conduct a hearing to “determine the

permanent plan for the child that is most appropriate and in the best interest of the

child. . . .” An appellate court cannot set aside a juvenile court’s findings of fact in

the absence of manifest error or unless those findings are clearly wrong. The juvenile

court is in the unique position to hear the witnesses at trial and assess their credibility.

State in the Interest of S.M.W., 00-3277 (La. 2/21/2001), 781 So.2d 1223. We have

reviewed the record and we find there is ample evidence to support the finding of the

juvenile court that D.B. will be provided a safe, nurturing environment in the home

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of his great-aunt, V.V. We find no error in the decision of the juvenile court affirming

the OCS case plan for D.B.

The Louisiana Children’s Code requires the state to look first for the home of

a relative in which to place a child taken from his biological parents. Louisiana

Children’s Code Article 622 provides, in relevant part:

A. Unless the best interest of the child requires a different
placement, a child who is determined to be abused, neglected, or harmed
and whose parents have failed to protect, or who is taken into custody as
a child in need of care shall be placed, pending a continued custody
hearing, in accordance with this priority:

(1) In the home of a relative who is of the age of majority and with
whom the child has been living in a wholesome and stable environment
and who is willing and able to continue to offer such environment for the
child pending an adjudication hearing.

(2) In the home of a relative who is of the age of majority and who
is willing and able to offer a wholesome and stable environment for the
child pending an adjudication hearing.

(3) In foster care under the supervision of the department until
further orders of the court.

(4) The following, among other relatives, are those who may be
considered and to whom care of the child may be entrusted and are listed
in the order of priority:

(a) Grandparent.
(b) Aunt or uncle.
(c) Sibling.
(d) Cousin.

The record indicates OCS attempted to place D.B. either in the home of his

maternal grandparents or in the home of his father’s stepmother. Unfortunately,

neither home was satisfactory. As early as August 2001, V.V.’s home in Port Arthur,

Texas was identified by D.B.’s father as a possible placement for D.B. Placing D.B.

in the foster home of a non-relative was neither the first, nor best, choice for D.B.,

who had been shuffled from one person to another. However, in the interim, before

a home study could be conducted on V.V.’s home in Texas, placing D.B. in foster care

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was the only choice. His foster home care was not consistent. The record indicates

even while D.B. was in the foster home of S.F., his care was overseen by someone

other than S.F. He was sent to M.O. and L.O. on a regular basis often spending

weekends and holidays in their home. He began to call them “Mommy L.” and

“Daddy M..” This inconsistency in caregivers is naturally confusing for a child of

four. While we do not doubt the sincerity of M.O. and L.O., their willingness to

provide a good home, or their attachment to D.B., we find the record supports the case

plan proposed by OCS to place D.B. with his relatives in Port Arthur, Texas. M. O.

and L.O. allege D.B.’s father is unknown or that V.V. is not actually related to D.B.

The record does not support these allegations. D.B.’s father acknowledged paternity

and, early on, identified V.V. and C.V. as family members who may be willing to care

for D.B.

The initial home study conducted by the Texas Department of Protective and

Regulatory Services dated February 28, 2002 was favorable. Living in the V. home

are V.V., age 46, born in Honduras, and her husband of ten years, C.V., age 46, born

in Cuba. C.V. does not have biological children of his own but helped V.V. raise her

three children since 1991. Mrs. V.V.’s son, B.A., age 28, is married, has two children,

and resides in Port Arthur near his mother. The two grandchildren visit the V. home

often. C. A., age 21, resides with her mother and stepfather. She works and is a part-

time student at Lamar University in Port Arthur majoring in nursing. Her sister, E. A.,

age 26, is employed at a local restaurant and lives with her mother and stepfather.

V.V. and C.V., E.A. and C.A. live in a clean, well-kept, adequately furnished three

bedroom home in a quiet, family-friendly neighborhood. The couple owns their

home. All family members are U.S. residents and hold green cards. These cards

ensure permanent residency as long as certain crimes are not committed. The report

concludes:

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C. and V.V. appear to have a genuine desire to care for their great
nephew. The couple’s adult children, E. and C. state that they are
excited at the idea of having a child living in the home on a permanent
basis. The family appears to be extremely family-oriented and wish to
include D. in their home. Mr. and Mrs. V. do not speak English very
well, but are continually learning. E. and C. speak English fluently and
would be able to bridge the communication gap as needed.

D.B. was placed in the V. home in May 2002. Four months later, an evaluation

of D.B. and V.V.’s home was conducted by Dr. Ann Pittman Menou, Ph.D., a licensed

psychologist, at the request of OCS. At that point, V.V. expressed significant

behavioral problems with D.B. at school and at home. He was noted to have poor

eating habits and episodes where he “bites, bangs his head, and destroys things in the

home. The family noted that they were unable to attend church with D. due to his

overly active behavior and tendency to tantrum when corrected.” Dr. Menou

concluded:

In summary, the family appears to be adequately attached to D.
despite the behavioral challenges he has presented since his placement
with them. Given his history and their description of him being overly
affectionate toward unfamiliar others, I suspect he may have experienced
some delays in his ability to bond quickly and appropriately to his
caregivers. However, such delays would be likely to occur in any
placement given the numerous disruptions in his early life.

Of greatest concern for the family appears to be D.’s
behavior, which has proven difficult for them to consistently manage.
During the family session, D. did appear to exhibit symptoms of
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, including a poor attention span
and a high level of distractibility. In addition, behavioral descriptions
indicate that he tends to be impulsive and overly active both at home and
at school. Addressing these behaviors with appropriate intervention
would appear to be critical to ensuring that this placement is successful
for D.

A second follow-up report from Dr. Menou, dated March 17, 2003, after D.B.

had been in V.V.’s home ten months, indicates improvement in D.B.’s behavior in

school and at home. D.B. had been placed on medication for his impulsive,

destructive behavior and inattentiveness. Mrs. V. noted his appetite had improved and

he enjoys reading. The report states:

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With the family, D. was observed to be active and inquisitive but he
readily responded to redirections and limits posed to him by his cousin
and great-aunt. . . . Based on this follow-up session, I would suggest
continued medical follow-up for D. especially as he begins school again
in the fall. While his current medication appears to be adequately
managing his behavioral difficulties and has led to improvements in his
functioning at home and at school, he does appear to continue to have
some difficulties with sustained task attention which will need on-going
monitoring.

M.O. and L.O. are concerned V.V. and C.V. speak Spanish in the home and

speak and read very little English. M.O. and L.O. contend this fact is detrimental to

D.B. because of his speech impediment. The juvenile court ordered a follow-up report

regarding this issue . Debbie Ott, from OCS, testified regarding her discussions with

D.B.’s pre-K teacher and speech therapist. A written report from D.B.’s teacher,

Desiree Washington, dated March 21, 2003, and the Head-Start speech evaluations

appear in the record. Ms. Ott reported D.B. has a “mild articulation problem” not

uncommon for a child his age. Otherwise, he was a model student and was

progressing in his speech development. She reported D.B. has an ear for language and

she felt being placed in a bilingual home was a “real advantage” for him.

D.B.’s pre-K teacher, Ms. Washington, reported marked improvement in D.B.’s

behavior at school. When he started pre-K, he was “very disruptive and very self

destructive. He ran around the room, went under tables, ran into the closets, and ran

away from the teachers when in line. He would hit the children with his fist very hard.

Dustin would slap the other children, and bite others to get their toy. . . .As time went

by, we were consistent with him, by having him miss playtime and by holding his

hand every time we left the room. We now see a behavior change.” The report

continues:

Since he has been with Mrs. V.V., I have seen a big change in his
behavior. He no longer bangs his head when he is upset. He no longer
runs from the teachers, or shows violent tendencies toward the other
children. He has adjusted very well to school with the help and support
of Mrs. V. . . . I contribute [sic] this to Mrs. V.’s being consistent in

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keeping all parent teacher conferences, and following through with the
discipline plan set between guardian and teacher. Mrs. V. also kept all
appointments to the psychiatrist and makes sure he receives his
medication daily.

When D.B. was placed in theV. home, he slept with his cousin C.A. in her

room. The juvenile court ordered a study of this issue. Since that time, V.V. and C.V.

have given D.B. a room of his own. V.V. and C.V. converted a laundry/storage room

into a bedroom and now every family member, including D.B., has a separate

bedroom. The juvenile court ordered an updated background check on C.V. The

report indicated a citation in 1988 for driving without liability insurance on his vehicle

and a moving traffic violation in 1989. No other criminal convictions were found.

The juvenile court reviewed the testimony of all parties, including M.O. and L.O., and

found the best interest of the child would be served by placing him in V.V.’s home.

The home provides him with a clean, family-oriented, stable environment where his

needs are met by his great-aunt and his adult cousins. D.B. has contact with Mrs.V.’s

grandchildren, his cousins, on a daily basis and he is able to play outdoors with

neighborhood children his own age. The pre-school he attends provides him with

special services, including speech therapy, and Mrs.V. is attending to his medical

needs with the help of a psychiatrist.

M.O. and L.O. contend the trial court erred in failing to give proper weight to

the position of the attorney appointed to represent the interest of the child and failed

to give any consideration to the wishes of the biological parents or the foster parents.

The record indicates neither the biological parents nor the foster parents testified at

the trial. The attorney appointed to represent D.B. did not object to the placement of

the child with V.V. and C.V. The trial court considered the testimony of M.O. and

L.O. and found the child’s best interest would be served by affirming the case plan

proposed by OCS. We find no merit in this assignment of error.

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DECREE

Based on our review of the testimony and documentary evidence, we find no

manifest error in the decision of the juvenile court accepting the recommendation of

OCS placing D.B. in the home of his great-aunt and her family with the goal of

adoption. Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the juvenile court. All costs of this

appeal are assessed to M.O. and L.O..

AFFIRMED.

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