State of Louisiana v. Mickey Wayne Johnson

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

06-1185

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

MICKEY WAYNE JOHNSON

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ACADIA, NO. 65039
HONORABLE PATRICK MICHOT, DISTRICT JUDGE

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OSWALD A. DECUIR
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, and Oswald A. Decuir
and Michael G. Sullivan, Judges.

AFFIRMED AND REMANDED.

Kim R. Hayes
Assistant District Attorney
Fifteenth Judicial District Court
P.O. Box 288
Crowley, LA 70527-0288
(337) 788-8831
Counsel for Appellee:
State of Louisiana

G. Paul Marx
Attorney at Law
P. O. Box 82389
Lafayette, LA 70598-2389
(337) 237-2537
Counsel for Defendant/Appellant:
Mickey Wayne Johnson

DECUIR, Judge.

Defendant, Mickey Wayne Johnson, was charged with one count of armed

robbery, in violation of La.R.S. 14:62; with one count of simple escape, in violation

of La.R.S. 14:110; and with one count of simple battery of a police officer, in

violation of La.R.S. 14:34.2.

Defendant’s case proceeded to trial on the armed robbery charge, and the jury

returned a guilty verdict for first degree robbery, in violation of La.R.S. 14:64.1. The

district court sentenced Defendant to serve twenty-five years at hard labor without

benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence.

Defendant now appeals, arguing that, based on the circumstances, his sentence

is excessive and that the trial court erred in denying his motion for mistrial due to

inappropriate statements by the prosecutor.

FACTS

In the early morning hours of December 18, 2003, two female cashiers were

working the night shift at a Circle K convenience store on Highway 90, which was

located just beyond the city limits of Crowley. Defendant, with the hood of his

sweater pulled over his head and his hands in his sweater pocket, entered the store

while both of the cashiers were working in the back of the store.

When the cashier asked if she could assist Defendant, he requested a pack of

Doral cigarettes and a lighter. As she walked to the register to help Defendant as

offered, her fellow cashier startled Defendant by walking in from the storeroom.

After Defendant saw the second cashier, he pulled his hand, which remained covered

by his sleeve, from his sweater pocket and pointed it at them. Defendant told them

he had a gun and threatened to shoot both cashiers if they did not to go to the register

and give him the money. After he had the items he wanted, Defendant threatened to

shoot the cashiers, ordered them to lie on the floor, and told them not to look at him;

when they complied, he fled.

After his arrest, Defendant admitted to committing the robbery and stated that

the cashiers probably thought he had a gun, but he denied actually using a weapon in

the robbery. At trial, Defendant could not remember whether he had threatened to

shoot the cashiers during the act or whether he led the cashiers to believe that he had

a weapon. However, Defendant acknowledged that, at the time of his confession,

which was read to the jury, he had been sure that the cashiers thought he had a gun

and thought that he had possibly led them to believe that he had a weapon. Defendant

cited his drug addiction and relationship problems as the reasons for his actions;

Defendant also admitted that he had been out of control and stated his regret for not

seeking rehabilitation of his drug problem.

ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for

errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find there is

one error patent.

Defendant was charged by bill of information with three offenses, namely,

armed robbery, simple escape, and simple battery of a police officer. The bill of

information read at Defendant’s trial referred to only Count 1, armed robbery. As a

result, the jury returned a verdict as to that charge alone and no verdict was returned

on Counts 2 and 3. Thus, it appears that Counts 2 and 3 are still outstanding charges

against Defendant, for which no verdict was returned.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 819 requires a verdict as to each

count in an indictment, unless the jury cannot agree on a verdict as to a count. When

faced with this issue in previous cases, this court has remanded for a proper

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disposition of the outstanding charges. See State v. Hypolite, 04-1658 (La.App. 3 Cir.

6/1/05), 903 So.2d 1275; State v. Cash, 03-853 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/03), 861 So.2d

851, writs denied, 04-27 (La. 4/30/04), 872 So.2d 472, and 04-232 (La. 5/7/04), 872

So.2d 1080; and State v. James, 99-1858 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/3/00), 761 So.2d 125, writ

denied, 00-1595 (La. 3/23/01), 787 So.2d 1010. Accordingly, we remand this case

for a disposition of the remaining charges.

EXCESSIVE SENTENCE

Defendant complains that the district court imposed an excessive sentence

because the crime was a result of Defendant’s drug addiction and because the

sentence does not address drug treatment and rehabilitation. Defendant contends that

twenty-five years, a virtual life sentence for someone aged thirty-eight, is excessive

for a forty-eight-dollar robbery. Defendant also alleges that the sentence does

nothing to address the cause of the robbery, Defendant’s severe drug addiction.

The State responds that the twenty-five-year sentence was not excessive for a

first degree robbery conviction. As Defendant confessed to robbing the convenience

store, the only issue at trial was whether or not Defendant was armed with a firearm

during the offense. The prosecution urges that a mid-range sentence imposed for a

third felony offense is not grossly disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to

shock our sense of justice and is not a needless imposition of pain and suffering. The

State argues that the trial court considered the aggravating and mitigating factors,

including Defendant’s drug problem and the drug treatment programs available to

Defendant, prior to sentencing.

Defendant’s prior felony convictions include theft and violent robbery; also,

Defendant admitted to purchasing drugs. Moreover, the prosecution asserts that

Defendant negatively impacted two victims in his current offense. The State points

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out that Defendant made both victims lie on the floor and threatened to kill them. As

a result, the prosecution maintains that Defendant’s sentence is not excessive.

“Although a sentence is within statutory limits, it can be reviewed for

constitutional excessiveness. A sentence is unconstitutionally excessive when it

imposes punishment grossly disproportionate to the severity of the offense or

constitutes nothing more than needless infliction of pain and suffering.” State v.

Smith, 01-2574, p. 6 (La. 1/14/03), 839 So.2d 1, 4 (citations omitted).

The trial judge is given a wide discretion in the imposition of
sentences within the statutory limits, and the sentence imposed by him
should not be set aside as excessive in the absence of a manifest abuse
of his discretion. A trial judge is in the best position to consider the
aggravating and mitigating circumstances of a particular case, and,
therefore, is given broad discretion in sentencing. On review, an
appellate court does not determine whether another sentence may have
been more appropriate, but whether the trial court abused its discretion.

State v. Williams, 03-3514, p. 14 (La. 12/13/04), 893 So.2d 7, 16-17 (citations

omitted).

Under La.R.S. 14:64.1, the sentencing range for first degree robbery is from

three years imprisonment at hard labor without benefits up to forty years. Therefore,

Defendant’s twenty-five-year hard labor sentence without benefits is well within the

statutory sentencing range. However, Defendant contends that, under the

circumstances of the case, his mid-range sentence is excessive.

At the sentencing hearing, Defendant averred that, at the time of the robbery,

he had been heavily under the influence of narcotics and cocaine. Defendant swore

that he had not been acting like himself. Defendant expressed remorse for his crime.

Defendant attested that he was not a violent person and that he would never hurt

anyone. Defendant stated that he had changed his ways by becoming religious and

that he newly wanted to follow God’s will and find his purpose in life.

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Defendant testified that, although he had never previously sought help for his

addiction, his religious connections had provided him with acceptance into a religion-

based treatment program. Defendant asked the court to suspend his sentence until he

could complete the fourteen-month treatment program. A minister appeared and

testified on Defendant’s behalf, urging the court to consider enrolling Defendant in

his intensive drug rehabilitation program or one like it.

Contrary to Defendant’s contention, the trial court evaluated the testimony,

found that Defendant had a drug problem, and considered it to be a mitigating factor:

THE COURT: Well, in mitigation, I would have to state Mr.
Johnson admitted that he had a drug problem at the time of the trial, and
today he’s expressing remorse. However, in aggravation, he’s had prior
violent robbery and theft convictions. He’s admitted [to] buying drugs.
This is his third felony offense. He’s a third felony offender. The two
(2) victims were impacted directly, made to lay on the floor and
threatened with killing them. Considering all of the situation, I feel that
all the factors, aggravating and mitigating, I feel that an appropriate
sentence for Mr. Johnson - - and I do sentence you to twenty-five (25)
years at hard labor without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension
of imposition or execution of sentence. You’ll be given credit for any
time that you’ve served. You have two (2) years from the date this
sentence becomes final within which to file for post-conviction relief.

The fifth circuit has held that a thirty-year sentence for first degree robbery was

not excessive for a second felony offender. State v. Lapell, 00-1056 (La.App. 5 Cir.

12/13/00), 777 So.2d 541, writ denied, 01-0439 (La. 1/4/02), 805 So.2d 1192. This

court has previously held that a thirty-year sentence for first degree robbery was not

excessive for a fourth felony offender. State v. Sullivan, 02-0360 (La.App. 3 Cir.

10/2/02), 827 So.2d 1260, writs denied, 02-2931 (La. 4/21/03), 841 So.2d 790, and

02-2965 (La. 9/5/03), 852 So.2d 1024. Therefore, Defendant’s twenty-five year

sentence as a third felony offender is not constitutionally excessive, and the trial court

did not abuse its discretion in so sentencing Defendant. Moreover, there is nothing

in the record that would prevent Defendant from participating in any addiction

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counseling programs made available to inmates through the Department of

Corrections.

Accordingly, this assignment of error is without merit.

STATEMENT BY PROSECUTOR

Defendant argues that reversible error occurred when the prosecutor made his

case a “plebiscite on crime” by suggesting to the jury that the case is linked to the

armed robbery problem in Crowley. Defendant asserts that the comments incited the

jurors’ personal biases and made them convict him because of their concerns for

public safety rather than because of the facts of the case. Defendant urges that the

prosecutor erred in asking the jury to consider how they would feel about their

daughters being robbed while at work and in conducting a demonstration with a

jacket. After the prosecutor commented that, because there had been so many

robberies of the town’s convenience stores, working in one of the stores constituted

hazardous duty, defense counsel moved for a mistrial, but the trial court denied the

motion without comment. Defendant avers that, cumulatively, the comments put the

jury in the position of the victim, deflected focus away from the facts of the case, and

prejudiced the outcome of the trial.

The State replies that it did not err in referencing the many robberies happening

to Crowley convenience stores. Alternatively, the prosecution submits that any error

in mentioning the other crimes was harmless in light of Defendant’s confession and

the jury’s returning a responsive verdict.

The record shows that at the conclusion of the prosecution’s closing argument,

the defense asked to approach the bench. After speaking with defense counsel, the

trial court had the jury removed. Once the jury was gone, Defendant moved for a

mistrial based on three alleged fatal errors made by the prosecution during its closing

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arguments. First, Defendant complained that the State had made the crime part of a

bigger armed robbery problem that exists in Crowley. Second, Defendant complained

that the prosecution improperly demonstrated how Defendant was holding an alleged

gun in ways not admitted into evidence with the use of a coat not admitted into

evidence. Third, the defense complained that the State asked the jurors to compare

the victims to their own daughters.

The State responded that its actions and statements had not violated any

jurisprudence. Moreover, the prosecution pointed out it thought it had been within

the bounds of the testimony with its act and that Defendant failed to make an

objection when it was performing the action in question. The defense replied at this

point that there was no way to determine whether the State’s actions had been within

the bounds of the testimony. Defendant urged that he would suffer prejudice that

could not be cured by mere admonition to the jury. The district court denied the

motion, and trial resumed with the defense presenting its closing argument before the

jury. No admonitions concerning Defendant’s objections are in the record.

Defendant’s first objection assigned error to the prosecutor saying, “As I told

you in my opening statement, I think this is a very serious case. We have far too

many robberies in this town of convenience stores. It’s almost, you know, hazardous

duty to work at these stores now. This is a very serious case to me.” The second

objection is not reviewable from the record. Defendant’s third objection arose from

the prosecution stating:

I submit to you in closing that if you or your daughters were
working at a cash register and somebody came up to them, four (4) to six
(6) feet away, even with the sleeve partially over the hand, and pointed
a hand gun in their face and threatened to shoot them, they would be
able to tell if it was a gun or not.

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The supreme court has previously discussed the standard for reviewing whether

a prosecutor’s statements constitute an attempt to get the jury to vote against crime

in general:

[T]he law is clear that prosecutors are allowed considerable latitude in
choosing closing argument tactics. The trial judge has broad discretion
in controlling the scope of closing argument. Even if the prosecutor
exceeds these bounds, the Court will not reverse a conviction unless
“thoroughly convinced” that the argument influenced the jury and
contributed to the verdict.

State v. Harris, 01-2730, p. 23 (La. 1/19/05), 892 So.2d 1238, 1255, cert. denied, ___

U.S. ___ , 126 S.Ct. 102 (2005) (citations omitted).

Assuming, arguendo, that the prosecutor’s remarks were inappropriate, we

must determine whether the improper argument influenced the jury and contributed

to its verdict. We note first that the jury did not convict Defendant of the charged

offense, armed robbery; instead, it convicted him of a lesser, included offense even

though one of the cashiers clearly stated that she had seen a gun. Second, the

cashiers’ testimony shows that they both consistently remember Defendant holding

one hand as if he were concealing a weapon in his shirt sleeve. Third, the jury was

able to view the store’s video footage of the robbery, so they were able to evaluate

whether the clerks accurately remembered Defendant’s body language. Finally, both

witnesses testified that Defendant threatened, specifically, to shoot them if they did

not comply with his demands. Therefore, in view of the evidence presented to the

jury, we are not thoroughly convinced that the prosecutor’s statements influenced the

jury and contributed to its verdict.

Accordingly, this assignment of error is without merit.

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DECREE

Defendant’s conviction and sentence for first degree robbery are affirmed. This

case is remanded for a disposition of the charges contained in Counts 2 and 3 of the

bill of information.

AFFIRMED AND REMANDED.

This opinion is NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION. Rule 2-16.3, Uniform Rules,
Courts of Appeal.

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