State of Louisiana v. Adam Lloyd Jeter

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

09-1004

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

ADAM LLOYD JETER

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APPEAL FROM THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF SABINE, NO. 62,343
HONORABLE STEPHEN BRUCE BEASLEY, DISTRICT JUDGE

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ULYSSES GENE THIBODEAUX
CHIEF JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Jimmie C. Peters, and J.
David Painter, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Don M. Burkett
District Attorney
Anna Louise Garcie
Assistant District Attorney
P. O. Drawer 1557
Many, LA 71449
Telephone: (318) 256-6246
COUNSEL FOR:
Plaintiff/Appellee - State of Louisiana

Ansel Martin Stroud, III
Tutt, Stroud & McKay, LLC
920 Pierremont Road - Suite 308
Shreveport, LA 71106
Telephone: (318) 868-6633
COUNSEL FOR:
Defendant/Appellant - Adam Lloyd Jeter

THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.

Defendant, Adam Lloyd Jeter, appeals his bench trial conviction for

attempted simple rape, a violation of La.R.S. 14:43 and 14:27, on the basis of

insufficiency of the evidence. He was originally charged with the crime of attempted

forcible rape. Attempted simple rape is a responsive verdict of attempted forcible

rape. For the following reasons, we affirm.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Defendant first asserts that the evidence submitted did not sustain the

responsive verdict of attempted simple rape. Simple rape is defined as:

[A] rape committed when the anal, oral, or vaginal sexual
intercourse is deemed to be without the lawful consent of
a victim because it is committed under any one or more of
the following circumstances:

(1) When the victim is incapable of
resisting or of understanding the nature of the
act by reason of a stupor or abnormal
condition of mind produced by an
intoxicating agent or any cause and the
offender knew or should have known of the
victim’s incapacity.

(2) When the victim is incapable,
through unsoundness of mind, whether
temporary or permanent, or understanding the
nature of the act and the offender knew or
should have known of the victim’s incapacity.

(3) When the female victim submits
under the belief that the person committing
the act is her husband and such belief is
intentionally induced by any artifice, pretense,
or concealment practiced by the offender.

La.R.S. 14:43.

When discussing the sufficiency of the evidence, the standard of review

is whether, viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any

rational trier of fact could conclude, beyond a reasonable doubt, that there was proof

of each element of the crime. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781

(1979).

The victim testified that she was home alone with her baby son when

Defendant, a family friend, dropped by to visit her and the baby’s father, who was out

of town at the time. She stated that they sat on the couch for a few minutes talking,

then Defendant began acting strangely. He asked her if she had a bra on and who was

she f—king while her boyfriend was away. She told him to shut up or leave. He then

jumped up and started pacing and smoking, acting very nervously. He laughed and

told her that he always desired to have sex with her and that she ought to submit.

Suddenly, he pushed her down on the couch and began choking her. He told her to

be quiet and to just lie there. He grabbed at her thighs and squeezed her breast. The

victim eventually struggled out from under him and fought back. She stated: “I

couldn’t believe a guy had attacked me like that because you know, I’ve always

thought I was so strong. I just felt like–you know, he just took, you know, all my

strongness out.” However, she said she continued to strike him with her fists until

she got him to the door and pushed him out. She locked the door, then called the

police.

The trial court found Defendant guilty of attempted simple rape.

The testimony as given at trial does not support a charge of attempted

simple rape. However, the evidence is sufficient to support the charged offense,

attempted forcible rape. It has been a long-standing position in Louisiana

jurisprudence that in the case of a responsive verdict, a reviewing court may affirm

the conviction if the evidence would have supported a conviction of the greater

offense, whether or not the evidence supports the conviction of the responsive verdict

returned by the trier of fact. State v. Savoy, 08-716 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 999

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So.2d 285. Attempted simple rape is a statutory responsive verdict to attempted

forcible rape. See La.Code Crim.P. art. 814(A)(11).

Defendant was charged with attempted forcible rape. In pertinent part,

forcible rape is defined as: “When the victim is prevented from resisting the act by

force or threats of physical violence under circumstances where the victim reasonably

believes that such resistance would not prevent the rape.” La.R.S. 14:42.1(1).

Louisiana’s attempt statute, La.R.S. 14:27, provides in pertinent part:

A. Any person who, having a specific intent to
commit a crime, does or omits an act for the purpose of and
tending directly toward the accomplishing of his object is
guilty of an attempt to commit the offense intended; and it
shall be immaterial whether, under the circumstances, he
would have actually accomplished his purpose.

In his reply brief, Defendant asserts that the elements of the charged

offense were not sufficiently established. He argues that the victim’s testimony was

insufficient to sustain the charged offense of attempted forcible rape. He supports

this assertion on the fact that the victim admitted that several months after the

incident which resulted in the charge of attempted forcible rape, she discussed with

Defendant’s mother the possibility of receiving fifteen thousand dollars in exchange

for her dropping or reducing the charge. In brief, Defendant argues that this

admission “colors her testimony about the events occurring at her trailer on the

morning of August 6, 2006. It very well could have been the basis for the judge’s

ruling.”

It is well-settled jurisprudence that the testimony of a single witness,

absent internal contradictions or irreconcilable conflicts with physical evidence, is

sufficient to support a conviction. The credibility of the witness is a matter of weight

of the evidence, not sufficiency, and determination of the credibility is left to the trier-

of-fact’s sound discretion and will not be re-weighed on appeal. State v. F.B.A., 07-

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1526 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/28/08), 983 So.2d 1006, writ denied, 08-1464 (La. 3/27/09),

5 So.3d 138. The testimony was sufficient to support a conviction for the charged

offense. Defendant told the victim she should have sex with him. He pushed her

down on the couch, choked her, and squeezed her breast, while telling her to be quiet.

Defendant’s actions indicated he desired to have sexual intercourse with the victim

and he used force in an attempt to accomplish the act.

Furthermore, Defendant did not object at trial to the consideration of the

responsive verdict as required by La.Code Crim.P. art. 841. In State ex rel. Elaire

v. Blackburn, 424 So.2d 246 (La.1982), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 959, 103 S.Ct. 2432

(1983), the Louisiana Supreme Court held that defendants must object at the trial to

the legislatively authorized responsive verdicts in order to raise a claim of

insufficiency on appeal. The reasoning behind the supreme court’s decision was to

prevent defendants from purposefully not objecting to the inclusion of a responsive

verdict, then arguing the verdict should be set aside because the evidence did not

support the responsive verdict.

While Defendant admits that there was no objection made to the

responsive verdict of attempted simple rape at trial, he argues that the

contemporaneous objection rule was not applicable in this case because it was a judge

trial and not a jury trial. See La.Code Crim.P. art. 841 which provides that “[a]n

irregularity or error cannot be availed of after verdict unless it was objected to at the

time of occurrence.” He states that “[i]n this bench trial, the court did not instruct

itself. There was no charge conference. The first mention of the responsive verdict

was in the court’s cursory ruling.”

Defendant argues:

Unlike the procedure in a jury trial, counsel did not have an
opportunity to review any proposed verdict form and there

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was no charge conference. The legislatively enacted
responsive verdict was never mentioned by either party.
Counsel did provide the district court with an opportunity
to address the issue; which as discussed above, it did.
Here, there was no opportunity to object before the verdict
and once it was entered, it acted as an immediate barrier to
any reconsideration of the charged offense under the
double jeopardy clause of the United States and State of
Louisiana Constitutions. La.C.Cr.P. art. 598A.

In brief, the State cites State in Interest of A.V., 94-42 (La.App. 4 Cir.

5/26/94), 637 So.2d 1243, wherein a juvenile was charged with attempted aggravated

rape, but was found guilty by the judge of attempted simple rape. The juvenile did

not object at trial to the judge’s option to impose the responsive verdict. On appeal,

the juvenile argued that the evidence did not sustain a conviction for attempted simple

rape. The State argued that because he did not object to the legislatively authorized

responsive verdict, he was precluded from raising the issue on appeal. The fourth

circuit held that Elaire was applicable to non-jury trials, stating:

Because the legislature has provided for various responsive
verdicts that are not necessarily lesser included offenses,
the following reasoning of Elaire convinces us its holding
is appropriate.

“It would be unfair to permit the defendant to
have the advantage of the possibility that a
lesser ‘compromise’ verdict will be returned
(as opposed to being convicted of the offense
charged) and then to raise the complaint for
the first time on appeal, that the evidence did
not support the responsive verdict to which he
failed to object.” Elaire at pp. 251, 252.

Because the defendant in this case did not move to
exclude the responsive verdict of attempted simple rape
from consideration by the trial court, we hold he cannot
complain now of insufficient evidence to support it. His
conviction can be affirmed if the evidence is sufficient to
support the crime charged.

Id. at 1245-46.

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Defendant argues in his reply brief that he did not “tacitly acquiesce” in

the trial court considering the responsive verdict in the first place. He argues that

“the State would require him to have immediately objected to the guilty verdict of

attempted simple rape even though there had been no charge conference, no

discussions of any such charge and no argument by either party that such verdict

would have been appropriate for consideration.”

Although attempted simple rape is not a lesser and included grade of the

offense of attempted forcible rape, it is a legislatively authorized responsive verdict.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 814(A)(11) provides:

A. The only responsive verdicts which may be
rendered when the indictment charges the following
offenses are:

....

11. Attempted forcible rape:

Guilty.

Guilty of attempted simple rape.

Not guilty.

Furthermore, La.Code Crim.P. art. 820 provides that “[a]ll provisions of this Chapter

regulating the responsiveness and effect of verdicts shall apply to cases tried without

a jury.” In State v. Armant, 97-1256, p. 11 (La.App. 5 Cir. 5/27/98), 719 So.2d 510,

515, writ denied, 98-1884 (La. 11/20/98), 729 So.2d 3, and writ denied, 98-1909 (La.

11/20/98), 729 So.2d 4, the fifth circuit stated:

The trial judge in a bench trial is not required to give
reasons in support of his verdict, nor is he required even to
charge himself on applicable law, since he is presumed to
know it. State v. Pizzalato, 93-1415 (La.App. 1st Cir.
10/7/94), 644 So.2d 712, 714, writ denied, 94-2755 (La.
3/10/95), 650 So.2d 1174. The proper method of
preserving for appeal the issue of whether the trial court
has correctly informed itself of the legal principles

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applicable to the case is to request the judge to charge
himself before the verdict as to a disputed issue of law and
to object to it if incorrect or if the trial court refuses to give
the special charge. La.C.Cr.P. arts. 781, 841; State v.
Reeves, 342 So.2d 605, 608 (La.1977); State v. S.P., 608
So.2d 232 (La.App. 5th Cir. 1992).

On the morning Defendant was scheduled for a jury trial, he elected to

be tried by the bench. Had Defendant continued with the jury trial, the trial court was

obligated to “give the jury a written list of the verdicts responsive to each offense

charged, with each separately stated.” La.Code Crim.P. art. 809. Defense counsel

cannot say that he was unaware of the trial court’s option to impose the responsive

verdict and, therefore, Defendant should not be held to the contemporaneous

objection rule. This was precisely the situation Elaire, 424 So.2d 246, sought to

prevent. This argument is meritless.

Finally, Defendant argues that once the trial court acquitted him of the

charge of attempted forcible rape, it is double jeopardy for this court to consider the

charged offense when determining whether there was sufficient evidence of the

charged offense to support a conviction for the responsive verdict of attempted simple

rape.

Double jeopardy is defined, in pertinent part, as “[n]o person shall be

twice put in jeopardy of life or liberty for the same offense.” La.Code Crim.P. art.

591. Defendant does not offer any support for this assertion or explain exactly how

the consideration of the charged offense violates his right against double jeopardy.

Moreover, this court is not considering the sufficiency of the charged offense for the

purpose of reimposing the charge, but to determine whether the responsive verdict

was a valid verdict.

Accordingly, there is no merit to this argument.

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ERROR PATENT

The minutes erroneously state that the bench trial commenced on March

9, 2009, instead of March 10, 2009. Consequently, we instruct the trial court to

amend the minutes of court to accurately reflect the March 10, 2009 date.

CONCLUSION

We affirm Defendant’s conviction. Further, we instruct the trial court

to amend the minutes of court to reflect the bench trial commenced on March 10,

2009.

AFFIRMED.

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