State of Louisiana v. Carlos J. Tolliver

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

KA 10-614

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

CARLOS J. TOLLIVER

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, NO. CR-119090
HONORABLE PATRICK LOUIS MICHOT, DISTRICT JUDGE

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BILLY HOWARD EZELL
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Marc T. Amy, and Billy
Howard Ezell, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Michael Harson
District Attorney, Fifteenth Judicial District Court
P. O. Box 3306
Lafayette, LA 70502-3306
(337) 232-5170
Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee:
State of Louisiana

Carey J. Ellis, III
Louisiana Appellate Project
707 Julia Street
Rayville, LA 71269
(318) 728-2043
Counsel for Defendant/Appellant:
Carlos J. Tolliver

EZELL, JUDGE.

On March, 25, 2008, Defendant, Carlos J. Tolliver, was charged by a bill of

information with one count of second degree robbery, a violation of La.R.S. 14:64.4,

and one count of simple battery, a violation of La.R.S. 14:35. Trial commenced on

September 22, 2009. However, following voir dire, on September 23, 2009,

Defendant changed his not guilty plea to a plea of guilty pursuant to an agreement

with the State. He pled guilty to one count of second degree robbery.

Defendant was sentenced on January 28, 2010, to twenty years at hard labor,

to be served consecutively with any sentence he was currently serving, and credit for

time served was given. Defendant did not file a motion to reconsider the sentence.

Defendant has perfected a timely appeal, alleging a constitutionally excessive

sentence.

FACTS

Whereas Defendant pled guilty, the facts are as recited at the guilty plea

hearing, as follows:

[O]n January 22, 2008, officers responded to the Mall of Louisiana (sic),
located here in Lafayette Parish. Upon arriving officers spoke to the
victims, Mr. Robert Barragan and Ms. Phoung Barragan. They told the
officers that three black males had attacked Ms. Barragan, knocked her
down, punched her at least twice, knocked her unconscious and stole her
purse. Mr. Barragan at that point was behind Ms. Barragan and he was
actually knocked down by one of the other defendants, when he went to
actually try to help her.

ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for

errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find there is

one error patent and one procedural issue worth noting.

First, there was a misjoinder of offenses in the bill of information. The bill of

information charged the Defendant with second degree robbery, in violation of

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La.R.S. 14:64.4, and simple battery, a violation of La.R.S. 14:35. Louisiana Code of

Criminal Procedure Article 493 provides for the joinder of offenses in a single bill of

information under limited circumstances if the offenses joined are triable by the same

mode of trial. Count one was triable by a jury of twelve, ten of whom must concur

to render a verdict. La.R.S. 14:64.4; La.Code Crim.P. art. 782. Count two, a

misdemeanor, was not triable by jury. La.R.S. 14:35; La.Code Crim.P. art. 779.

Thus, these two counts were improperly joined in the bill of information. However,

the Defendant did not file a motion to quash the bill of information on the basis of

misjoinder of offenses, as required by statute. La.Code Crim.P. art. 495.

Additionally, by entering an unqualified guilty plea, Defendant waived review of this

non-jurisdictional pre-plea defect. See State v. Crosby, 338 So.2d 584 (La.1976).

Accordingly, review of this error is waived.

Next, because the misdemeanor charge was not triable by jury, the proper mode

of appellate review for that offense is an application for writ of review, rather than an

appeal. La.Code Crim.P. art. 912.1. However, because the State dismissed the

charge, any procedural issue is rendered moot.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

Defendant argues that his sentence of twenty years imprisonment is excessive

under the circumstances of his case.

An offense of second degree robbery is punishable by a sentence of not less

than three years and not more than forty years at hard labor. La.R.S. 14:64.4(B).

Defendant was sentenced pursuant to a plea agreement which provided that a cap of

no more than twenty years imprisonment could be imposed. Defendant received the

maximum sentence he could have received pursuant to the plea agreement.

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Initially, Defendant did not file a motion for reconsideration of the sentence.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 881.1, in pertinent part, provides:

A. (1) In felony cases, within thirty days following the imposition
of sentence or within such longer period as the trial court may set at
sentence, the state or the defendant may make or file a motion to
reconsider sentence.

....

B. The motion shall be oral at the time of sentence or shall be in
writing thereafter and shall set forth the specific grounds on which the
motion is based.

....

E. Failure to make or file a motion to reconsider sentence or to
include a specific ground upon which a motion to reconsider sentence
may be based, including a claim of excessiveness, shall preclude the
state or the defendant from raising an objection to the sentence or from
urging any ground not raised in the motion on appeal or review.

Furthermore, Defendant pled under a sentencing cap. A “defendant cannot

appeal or seek review of a sentence imposed in conformity with a plea agreement

which was set forth in the record at the time of the plea.” La.Code Crim.P. art.

881.2(A)(2). See also State v. Washington, 07-852 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/30/08), 977

So.2d 1060.

Defendant argues that he did not intelligently waive his constitutional right to

appellate review for excessiveness of the sentence. Defendant cites a second circuit

case, wherein it was found that even though the defendant pled guilty to armed

robbery pursuant to a plea agreement with a thirty-year cap, he did not contemplate

that by pleading guilty he was waiving his right to appeal the excessiveness of the

sentence, and therefore the second circuit addressed whether the sentence was

excessive. State v. Foster, 42,212 (La.App. 2 Cir. 8/15/07), 962 So.2d 1214. In

Foster, however, the trial court specifically advised the defendant that, “You have the

right of appeal or judicial review of a verdict of guilty. Do you understand that you

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give this up by pleading guilty, except as to the amount of the sentence?” Id. at 1218.

Therefore, the second circuit agreed that Foster did not contemplate that by pleading

guilty he was waiving his right to appeal the sentence for excessiveness. In the

current case, Defendant argues that at no time during the Boykinization did the trial

court advise him that he did not have the right to appeal whatever sentence he

received. He argues that while the plea form and the trial court specifically told him

that he was losing the right to appeal the conviction should he plead guilty, “[t]he trial

court did not explain to Defendant his right to appeal the excessiveness of the

sentence or that he was waiving that right.” Accordingly, he argues that he did not

waive his right to an appellate review of the excessiveness of the sentence. However,

unlike Foster, while the trial court did not specifically tell Defendant he was giving

up the right to appeal the excessiveness of the sentence, the trial court did discuss

with Defendant the fact that there was a sentencing cap of twenty years.

This court has consistently held that a defendant cannot seek review of a

sentence that was within the agreed-upon sentencing range set forth in the record

pursuant to a plea agreement. See Washington, 977 So.2d 1060; and State v. Percy,

09-1319 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/5/10), 36 So.3d 1115. The State agreed to the cap,

dismissed the simple battery charge, and agreed not to file a habitual offender bill

against Defendant in exchange for his guilty plea. Furthermore, at no time during the

guilty plea hearing or the sentencing hearing were there any objections made

regarding the sentencing range, or the sentence imposed.

CONCLUSION

This assignment of error will not be considered. The sentence was within the

agreed upon sentencing cap. Therefore, Defendant is precluded from appealing the

sentence. Accordingly, this court affirms the sentence imposed on Defendant.

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AFFIRMED.

This opinion is NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION. Uniform Rules-
Courts of Appeal. Rule 2-16.3.

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