State of Louisiana v. Michael Kelly Stevens

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

11-175

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

MICHAEL KELLY STEVENS

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APPEAL FROM THE
SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF CONCORDIA, NO. 09-2688
HONORABLE LEO BOOTHE, DISTRICT JUDGE

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MARC T. AMY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Marc T. Amy, and Phyllis
M. Keaty, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Bradley R. Burget
District Attorney
David R. Opperman
Assistant District Attorney
4001 Carter Street, Suite 9
Vidalia, LA 71373
(318) 336-5526
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana

Mark O. Foster
Louisiana Appellate Project
Post Office Box 2057
Natchitoches, LA 71457
(318) 572-5693
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Michael Kelly Stevens

AMY, Judge.

The defendant, Michael Kelly Stevens, confessed to stabbing the victim,

Michael Welch, multiple times in the neck before taking Mr. Welch’s belongings.

The defendant was subsequently convicted of first degree murder in connection

with the death of Mr. Welch, and was sentenced to life imprisonment without

benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. The defendant appeals,

asserting that the trial court erred in allowing the State to show the jury an

unredacted videotape of his interrogation containing references to the defendant’s

prior convictions. For the following reasons, we affirm.

Factual and Procedural Background

The victim, Michael Welch, was in poor health, according to several

witnesses. The record indicates that, after no one had heard from Mr. Welch for

several days, his brother and a neighbor went to check on him. Mr. Welch’s

brother testified that, after he used his key to open Mr. Welch’s door, he found his

brother’s body on the living room floor. A subsequent autopsy revealed that Mr.

Welch had been stabbed multiple times in the neck. In the course of their

homicide investigation, the police learned that the defendant, Michael Kelly

Stevens, had been living with Mr. Welch. They also learned that Mr. Welch’s

truck was missing.

The truck, along with the defendant, was subsequently located in Houston,

Texas. According to Beau Beaty, a Harris County Sheriff’s Deputy, the defendant

was either asleep or passed out in the truck in a closed public park. Deputy Beaty

further testified that, when he attempted to take the defendant into custody, the

defendant jumped into the Houston Ship Channel and had to be fished out by other

deputies.

Officers from the Vidalia Police Department and the Concordia Parish

Sheriff’s Office interviewed the defendant in Houston. During that interview, the

defendant confessed that, after Mr. Welch refused to let the defendant borrow his

truck, he stabbed Mr. Welch and took Mr. Welch’s truck and the cash from Mr.

Welch’s wallet. The defendant also made unsolicited statements concerning his

status as a parolee and his parole officer. The defendant’s motion in limine

seeking redaction of these statements was denied. A copy of the defendant’s

videotaped statement was submitted into evidence. A grand jury later indicted the

defendant for first degree murder, a violation of La.R.S. 14:30, in connection with

the death of Mr. Welch. The State chose not to seek the death penalty.

After a jury trial, the defendant was convicted of first degree murder. The

trial court subsequently sentenced the defendant to life imprisonment, without the

benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence.

The defendant appeals, asserting as his sole assignment of error that the trial

court erred in denying his “pre-trial motion in limine to prohibit the use at trial of

any evidence of other crimes or back [sic] acts.”

Discussion

Errors Patent

Pursuant to La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for errors

patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find no errors

patent.

Other Crimes Evidence

In his sole assignment of error, the defendant complains that the trial court

erred in allowing “other crimes” evidence to be used at trial.1 After the State filed

1
To the extent that the defendant’s assignment of error contends that the trial court erroneously
admitted evidence of other crimes committed by the defendant immediately before the murder or
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its notice of intent to use evidence of other crimes, the defendant filed a motion in

limine. Therein, the defendant sought to prohibit the introduction of any statement

regarding the defendant’s criminal history, probation, arrests or charges as well as

any “allusion to being on felony probation, a probation officer, or any other

statement which referred to a prior criminal history.” The defendant specifically

requested that instances in his videotaped interrogation where he referred to his

parole officer or being on parole should be redacted. The defendant’s attorney

argued that those statements were prejudicial and expressed her concern that the

State would attempt to discuss the defendant’s prior crime in detail. After a

hearing, the trial court denied the motion in limine, finding that the statements

were “unsolicited” and therefore admissible.

An unredacted copy of the defendant’s videotaped statement was played at

the trial. Therein, the defendant made several references to his status as a parolee

or to his parole officer. 2 With one exception, the defendant’s references to his

status as a parolee or to his parole officer were unsolicited by questions from the

investigators. At one point, one of the investigators questioned the defendant

during his flight to Houston, he has failed to brief those issues and they are therefore deemed
abandoned. See Uniform Rules—Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-12.4. We further note that the
defendant relied on several of those instances in his closing argument, including taking Mr.
Welch’s money and his truck, being involved in a hit-and-run accident, purchasing crack cocaine,
and using various illegal drugs.
2
A transcription of the videotaped statement reveals that, at one point, the defendant stated that
“Todd Gray is my parole officer.” Later, he stated:

[The victim] let me live with him. You know, that was my parole address. And
when I got released in 2007 I paroled to Linus Wilkerson’s house. They let me
parole to Linus Wilkerson’s house first. . . . I mean, I used his address when I
stayed here when I came here, you know, he was a good dude and it killed me
when his wife passed away.

When she passed away, as a matter of fact, I was there when she passed
away and he - - when I drove up to report, me and Todd Gray.

Further, the defendant stated, “I mean, I’ve been locked up, I been in plenty of fights, but I ain’t
never, you know, went and get something out of the wreck yard [sic]. . . . I didn’t want to get me
a rod or something and go stab them.”

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about one of his references to being involved in fights while in jail.3 The defendant

also discussed his actions after he stabbed Mr. Welch, including taking money

from Mr. Welch’s wallet, taking his truck, his involvement in a “hit-and-run”

accident, and multiple instances of illegal drug use.

When the videotape of the defendant’s statement was played at trial, the

defendant’s attorney objected to its introduction “subject to the same objection we

previously made.” The trial court overruled the objections. The trial court also

denied the defendant’s motion for new trial, which was based, in part, on the

admission of “other crimes” evidence.

Louisiana Code of Evidence Article 404(B)(1) addresses the admissibility of

evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts. It states:

Except as provided in Article 412, evidence of other crimes,
wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in
order to show that he acted in conformity therewith. It may, however,
be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive,
opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of
mistake or accident, provided that upon request by the accused, the
prosecution in a criminal case shall provide reasonable notice in
advance of trial, of the nature of any such evidence it intends to
introduce at trial for such purposes, or when it relates to conduct that
constitutes an integral part of the act or transaction that is the subject
of the present proceeding.

When other crimes evidence is offered for a permissible purpose, the State

must provide the defendant with notice that it intends to offer such evidence and is

required to prove that the defendant committed those acts by clear and convincing

evidence. State v. Blank, 04-204 (La. 4/11/07), 955 So.2d 90, cert. denied, 552

U.S. 994, 128 S.Ct. 494 (2007). Even where other crimes evidence is relevant, the

probative value of the unrelated offenses must be weighed against their possible

prejudicial effect. Id.

3
According to the transcript, one of the investigators asked the defendant, “[w]hen you’ve gotten
into fights you said in jail and what have you, what’s ever happened when you get in fights, do
you just get angry and go to swing at people?”
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However, the erroneous admission of other crimes evidence is subject to a

harmless error analysis. State v. Ridgley, 08-675 (La.App. 5 Cir. 1/13/09), 7 So.3d

689, writ denied, 09-374 (La. 11/6/09), 21 So.3d 301; State v. Crandell, 43,262

(La.App. 2 Cir. 6/18/08), 987 So.2d 375, writs denied, 08-1582, 08-1659 (La.

5/27/09), 5 So.3d 139, 140, cert. denied, 78 U.S. 3175, 130 S.Ct. 183 (2009). An

error is harmless where the verdict actually rendered is surely unattributable to the

error. Crandell, 987 So.2d 375. Reversal is only required where there is a

reasonable possibility that the evidence might have contributed to the verdict.

Ridgley, 7 So.3d 689.

With regard to the defendant’s statements concerning his status as a parolee,

the trial court’s admission of those statements, even if erroneous, was harmless.

The defendant was charged with first degree murder, a violation of La.R.S. 14:30.

At trial, the State contended that the defendant was guilty of first degree murder

because the murder was committed during the commission of a robbery. The

defendant argued that a responsive verdict of manslaughter or second degree

murder was appropriate. He contended that this was either a “heat of passion”

crime committed during an argument between two roommates or that his alleged

intoxication negated any specific intent. After approximately an hour of

deliberation, the jury returned a verdict of guilty of first degree murder.

First degree murder is defined as the killing of a human being when the

offender has the specific intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm and is engaged

in the perpetration of or attempted perpetration of certain listed felonies, including

armed robbery, first degree robbery, second degree robbery, and simple robbery.

La.R.S. 14:30(A)(1). The determination of whether a murder was committed

during the perpetration of a certain felony depends not on the order of events, but

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on whether the “the murder and the felony form a continuous transaction without a

significant break of events.” State v. Ramsdell, 09-1510, p. 9 (La.App. 3 Cir.

10/6/10), 47 So.3d 78, 84. Thus, so long as the course of events forms a

continuous transaction, it is not necessary that the robbery occur before the killing

of the victim. Id.

Here, the record supports a conclusion that the defendant killed Mr. Welch

in order to take his belongings. Although the revelation that the defendant was a

parolee may have cast him in a bad light, it was not so prejudicial as to have

affected the verdict. We note that, other than the statements contained in the

defendant’s videotaped statement, the State did not elicit any testimony regarding

the defendant’s previous conviction or status as a parolee. The State made no

reference to the subject matter of the defendant’s prior conviction. Further,

although contained within the primary evidence offered by the State, the

statements were vague and do not indicate for which crime (or crimes) the

defendant had been previously convicted. See Crandell, 987 So.2d 375.

The State offered overwhelming evidence that the defendant killed Mr.

Welch by stabbing him in the neck and that the defendant also robbed Mr. Welch.

As previously discussed, the State offered the defendant’s videotaped statement

wherein he stated that he had been staying with Mr. Welch and helping him out

around the house. The defendant claimed that he had taken several pills on the day

of the murder. He said that he wanted to visit his son, who lives in Texas, and

asked to borrow Mr. Welch’s truck. According to the defendant, Mr. Welch

refused to let him borrow the truck.

The defendant claimed that, while they were arguing over the use of the

truck, Mr. Welch picked up a steak knife and cut him on the top of the head. He

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stated that he took the knife from Mr. Welch and “slashed” at his neck. Further,

the defendant claimed that he did not remember inflicting multiple wounds on Mr.

Welch. The defendant stated that, after he stabbed Mr. Welch, he changed out of

his bloody shorts and took money from Mr. Welch’s wallet and the truck.

According to the defendant, he spent Mr. Welch’s money on crack cocaine and

alcohol, sold Mr. Welch’s tools for alcohol, and rear-ended another vehicle with

Mr. Welch’s truck.

We also note that the defendant contended that his intoxication negated the

specific intent required for a finding of guilty of first degree murder, and that the

jury was able to consider the defendant’s videotaped statements that he was

intoxicated from taking pills at the time of the offense. Further, the jury could

consider whether this was an offense which occurred in a “sudden passion or heat

of blood immediately caused by provocation sufficient to deprive an average

person of his self-control and cool reflection,” thus warranting a verdict of

manslaughter. See La.R.S. 14:31(A)(1).

In addition to the defendant’s videotaped confession, the State’s witnesses

contradicted several of defendant’s claims that tended to minimize his culpability

for the crime. Contrary to the defendant’s assertion that he only stabbed Mr.

Welch once, Dr. Karen Ross, the forensic pathologist, testified that Mr. Welch

suffered a nine-inch long wound on his neck. According to Dr. Ross, the wound

was actually composed of at least four or five different wounds and was between

2¾ - 3 inches deep. It severed Mr. Welch’s left carotid artery and jugular vein and

separated his hyoid bone from the cartilage in his neck.

David Hedrick, an investigator with the Concordia Parish Sheriff’s Office,

testified that, although the defendant claimed that Mr. Welch cut him on the top of

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the head with a steak knife, he could find no evidence of injury to the defendant’s

head. Further, several witnesses testified that Mr. Welch was in such poor health

that he could barely walk and could not bathe himself. Those witnesses, including

his home health aide, expressed incredulity that Mr. Welch would have had the

capacity to “lunge” at the defendant and cut him on the top of the head.

Based on our review of the record, we find that any error in admitting the

statements referring to the defendant’s status as a parolee or to a parole officer is

harmless. This assignment of error is without merit.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the defendant’s convictions and

sentence.

AFFIRMED.

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