State of Louisiana v. Wardell Christopher Williams

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

13-497

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

WARDELL CHRISTOPHER WILLIAMS

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APPEAL FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 306,283
HONORABLE THOMAS M. YEAGER, DISTRICT JUDGE

**********

MARC T. AMY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Sylvia R. Cooks, Marc T. Amy, and Billy Howard Ezell,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

James C. Downs
District Attorney
Michael W. Shannon
Assistant District Attorney
Post Office Drawer 1472
Alexandria, LA 71309
(318) 473-6650
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana

Annette Fuller Roach
Louisiana Appellate Project
Post Office Box 1747
Lake Charles, LA 70602-1747
(337) 436-2900
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Wardell Christopher Williams

Wardell Christopher Williams
Dixon Correctional Institute/ U-1-D-G
Post Office Box 788
Jackson, LA 70748-0788
IN PROPER PERSON

AMY, Judge.

The defendant was found guilty of three counts of attempted second degree

murder and one count of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The trial

court imposed sentences of forty years at hard labor for each of the defendant’s

three convictions for attempted second degree murder, and ten years at hard labor

for his conviction for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The trial court

ordered that the defendant’s sentences run concurrently with each other and that

they be served without the benefit of probation, parole, or other suspension of

sentence. The defendant appeals. For the following reasons, we affirm.

Factual and Procedural Background

According to the record, in the early morning hours of October 24, 2010,

several shots were fired in a crowded nightclub in Alexandria, Louisiana. Three

nightclub patrons suffered gunshot wounds. According to the State, the defendant,

Wardell Christopher Williams, repeatedly asked a woman in the group that

included the victims to dance and was rebuffed. One of the victims asked the

defendant to leave the woman alone. The State contends that the defendant was in

possession of a .380 Bersa pistol that was linked to the shooting. Additionally, the

State contends that the defendant confessed to the crime. The defendant was

subsequently charged with three counts of attempted second degree murder,

violations of La.R.S. 14:27 and La.R.S. 14:30.1, and one count of possession of a

firearm by a convicted felon, a violation of La.R.S. 14:95.1. After a trial, the jury

found the defendant guilty of all four counts of the bill of information.

For each of the three counts of attempted second degree murder, the trial

court imposed sentences of forty years at hard labor. For the count of possession

of a firearm by a convicted felon, the trial court imposed a sentence of ten years at

hard labor. Further, the trial court ordered that the defendant’s sentences be served

concurrently to each other and that they be served without benefit of probation,

parole, or suspension of sentence.

The defendant appeals. He asserts that:

1. The evidence admitted at the trial of this case, when viewed
under the Jackson v. Virginia standard, was insufficient to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that Wardell Williams either directly
committed or was a principal to attempted second degree murder of
Carmilla Peterson.

2. The evidence admitted at the trial of this case, when viewed
under the Jackson v. Virginia standard, was insufficient to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that Wardell Williams either directly
committed or was a principal to attempted second degree murder of
Ernest Sherman.

3. The evidence admitted at the trial of this case, when viewed
under the Jackson v. Virginia standard, was insufficient to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that Wardell Williams either directly
committed or was a principal to attempted second degree murder of
Lovan Sherman.

4. The evidence admitted at the trial of this case, when viewed
under the Jackson v. Virginia standard, was insufficient to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that Wardell Williams possessed a firearm
in Rapides Parish.

5. The trial court erred in its role as gatekeeper when it
permitted Michael Stelly to testify as an expert in firearm
identification about the comparison of the firearm to the bullet and to
the casings found at the scene.

6. The trial court erred in failing to sustain counsel’s objection
to the prosecution’s assertions in rebuttal closing argument that the
jury should not consider the responsive verdicts.

The defendant has also filed a pro se appellate brief, therein asserting as

error that the trial court allowed the admission of other crimes evidence, which was

inflammatory and without a proper foundation.

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Discussion

Errors Patent

Pursuant to La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all criminal appeals are reviewed for

errors patent on the face of the record. We find no errors patent requiring action by

this court.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

The majority of the defendant’s counseled assignments of error concern the

sufficiency of the evidence. In State v. Bryant, 12-233 (La. 10/16/12), 101 So.3d

429, the Louisiana supreme court addressed the sufficiency of the evidence claims,

reiterating that the appellate review of such claims is controlled by the standard

enunciated by the United States Supreme Court in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.

307, 99 S.Ct. 2781 (1979). See State v. Captville, 448 So.2d 676 (La.1984). In

applying the Jackson v. Virginia standard, the appellate court must determine that,

when viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the evidence is

“sufficient to convince a rational trier of fact that all of the elements of the crime

had been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” Bryant, 101 So.3d at 432. See also

La.Code Crim.P. art. 821.

In State v. Spears, 05-964, p. 3 (La. 4/4/06), 929 So.2d 1219, 1222-23, the

supreme court stated that:

constitutional law does not require the reviewing court to determine
whether it believes the witnesses or whether it believes that the
evidence establishes guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v.
Mussall, 523 So.2d 1305, 1309 (La.1988). Rather, the fact finder is
given much discretion in determinations of credibility and evidence,
and the reviewing court will only impinge on this discretion to the
extent necessary to guarantee the fundamental protection of due
process of law.

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“Evidence may be either direct or circumstantial.” State v. Jacobs, 07-887,

p. 12 (La.App. 5 Cir. 5/24/11), 67 So.3d 535, 551, writ denied, 11-1753 (La.

2/10/12), 80 So.3d 468, cert. denied, __ U.S. __, 133 S.Ct. 139 (2012). We note

that, whether the conviction is based on direct evidence or solely on circumstantial

evidence, the review is the same under the Jackson v. Virginia standard. State v.

Williams, 33,881 (La.App. 2 Cir. 9/27/00), 768 So.2d 728 (citing State v. Sutton,

436 So.2d 471 (La.1983)), writ denied, 00-99 (La. 10/5/01), 798 So.2d 963.

Circumstantial evidence is that where the main fact can be inferred, using reason

and common experience, from proof of collateral facts and circumstances. Id.

Where the conviction is based on circumstantial evidence, in order to convict,

“assuming every fact to be proved that the evidence tends to prove, in order to

convict, it must exclude every reasonable hypothesis of innocence.” La.R.S.

15:438.

In State v. Chism, 436 So.2d 464, 469 (La.1983) (citations omitted), the

supreme court discussed the use of circumstantial evidence, stating:

Circumstantial evidence involves, in addition to the assertion of
witnesses as to what they have observed, a process of reasoning, or
inference by which a conclusion is drawn. Like all other evidence, it
may be strong or weak; it may be so unconvincing as to be quite
worthless, or it may be irresistible and overwhelming. There is still
no man who would not accept dog tracks in the mud against the sworn
testimony of a hundred eye-witnesses that no dog passed by. The gist
of circumstantial evidence, and the key to it, is the inference, or
process of reasoning by which the conclusion is reached. This must
be based on the evidence given, together with a sufficient background
of human experience to justify the conclusion.

Consequently, before a trier of fact can decide the ultimate
question of whether a reasonable hypothesis of innocence exists in a
criminal case based crucially on circumstantial evidence, a number of
preliminary findings must be made. In addition to assessing the
circumstantial evidence in light of the direct evidence, and vice versa,
the trier of fact must decide what reasonable inferences may be drawn
from the circumstantial evidence, the manner in which competing

4

inferences should be resolved, reconciled or compromised; and the
weight and effect to be given to each permissible inference. From
facts found from direct evidence and inferred from circumstantial
evidence, the trier of fact should proceed, keeping in mind the relative
strength and weakness of each inference and finding, to decide the
ultimate question of whether this body of preliminary facts excludes
every reasonable hypothesis of innocence.

Here, the defendant was charged with attempted second-degree murder,

violations of La.R.S. 14:27 and La.R.S. 14:30.1, and possession of a firearm by a

convicted felon, a violation of La.R.S. 14:95.1. As relevant herein, La.R.S.

14:30.1 states that “[s]econd degree murder is the killing of a human being: (1)

[w]hen the offender has a specific intent to kill or to inflict great bodily harm[.]”

Louisiana Revised Statutes 14:27 addresses “attempt,” stating that:

Any person who, having a specific intent to commit a crime,
does or omits an act for the purpose of and tending directly toward the
accomplishing of his object is guilty of an attempt to commit the
offense intended; and it shall be immaterial whether, under the
circumstances, he would have actually accomplished his purpose.

Further, the crime of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon is set out in

La.R.S. 14:95.1, which states, in relevant part, that “[i]t is unlawful for any person

who has been convicted of a crime of violence as defined in R.S. 14:2(B) which is

a felony . . . to possess a firearm or carry a concealed weapon.” However, La.R.S.

14:95.1 “shall not apply to any person who has not been convicted of any felony

for a period of ten years from the date of completion of sentence, probation, parole,

or suspension of sentence.” La.R.S. 14:95.1(C).

Here, the State offered the testimony of several witnesses, including both

factual testimony and expert testimony. Some of the witnesses, including the

victims, Carmilla Peterson, Ernest Sherman, and Lovan Sherman, III, testified that

they had attended a wedding reception earlier in the evening and decided to

5

continue on to Club Platinum.1 One of the members of their group was Tim’Myra

Daniels.2 According to Ms. Peterson and Lovan Sherman, a man repeatedly asked

Ms. Daniels to dance, and Ms. Daniels repeatedly refused. Lovan Sherman

testified that he eventually asked the man to leave Ms. Daniels alone. Although

Ms. Daniels could not identify the man, Ms. Peterson and Lovan Sherman both

identified the defendant as the person who asked Ms. Daniels to dance. Ms.

Peterson also testified that there was a shorter, dark-skinned, and angry-looking

man whom she had seen speaking with the defendant earlier. According to Ms.

Peterson, the shorter man made her nervous, and he attempted to put a cigarette out

on her brother’s forehead.

Ms. Peterson and Lovan Sherman testified that shots were fired some ten to

twenty minutes after Lovan Sherman asked the defendant to leave Ms. Daniels

alone. None of the witnesses testified that they saw the shooter. However,

Roderick Hall, one of the bouncers at the club, testified that he saw the defendant,

who he identified as “Blake”3 or “Maleke,” running out of the side door to the

club, “stuffing something in his pants.”

Ms. Peterson testified that she was struck by a bullet in the middle of her

lower-mid back. Lovan Sherman testified that one bullet passed through his arm,

one went across his stomach, and another bullet is still in his hip. Ernest Sherman

testified that he was shot in the thigh. All three victims were treated for their

injuries. The bullet lodged in Ms. Peterson’s back was later removed and sent to

1
We note that several of the witnesses refer to the nightclub as the “Platinum Club.”
2
In her testimony, Ms. Daniels stated that her last name was “Daniel.” We use the
spelling contained in the parties’ briefs.
3
Other witnesses, such as Courtney Carter, referred to the defendant as “Buddy” or
“Maleke.”

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the crime lab for processing. Further, the State presented testimony that three Tul

brand .380 fired cartridge casings were recovered from the nightclub.

The defendant’s ex-girlfriend, Alea Duell, testified that the defendant told

her that he was the gunman. According to Ms. Duell’s testimony, the defendant

told her that he was an “assassin” and that he shot “that dude at the club” “because

he disrespected me. I wanted him dead.” Ms. Duell also testified that she had seen

the defendant with a black gun on the Friday before the shooting. Ms. Duell’s

friend, Shawndreaka King, also testified. Ms. King indicated that, unknown to the

defendant, she listened in on a three-way call with Ms. Duell and the defendant.

Ms. King testified that, during that phone call, she heard the defendant confess to

the shooting at the club. According to Ms. King, the defendant mentioned a young

lady with whom he wanted to dance but who refused his attentions. Additionally,

Ms. Duell knew that the defendant was leaving for New Orleans on the Monday

after the shooting. There was testimony that the defendant quit his job, where he

had been working for less than one month, on Monday, October 25, 2010, and did

not pick up all of his wages.

Further, the State presented evidence concerning an incident which occurred

in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, on October 29, 2010. Trooper Brian St. Clair, with

the Louisiana State Police, testified that in the early morning hours of that day, he

was operating a checkpoint in Jefferson Parish. When a blue 1996 Chevrolet

Lumina failed to stop at the checkpoint, Trooper St. Clair pursued the vehicle.

Trooper St. Clair identified two streets where the pursuit occurred—Elizabeth

Street and Sanford Drive. The driver of the Lumina eventually escaped on foot.

However, Trooper St. Clair testified that he apprehended the passenger, Derrick

Garner. Mr. Garner also testified, stating that he was hitchhiking and did not know

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the person who picked him up but denied that it was the defendant. Mr. Garner

also testified that he did not have any guns in the car with him.

Bridget Payne testified that in October of 2010, she was dating the

defendant’s brother, who was then incarcerated. Further, at that time, she lived in

Kenner, Louisiana and owned a blue Chevrolet Lumina. According to Ms. Payne,

the defendant asked to borrow her car and she let him do so. Several days later,

she was contacted by a state trooper who asked if she had been driving the car the

night before. Ms. Payne testified that she informed the trooper that the defendant

had been in possession of the car the night before.

Deputies with the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office testified that, shortly after

daybreak on October 29, 2010, they received two phone calls about found guns,

one in the intersection of Elizabeth and Quincy and the other on Sanford. A

deputy retrieved a .380 Bersa pistol and a 9mm Ruger pistol from those locations.

According to Michael Stelly with the North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory,

the .380 Bersa was loaded with Tul brand ammunition. Mr. Stelly noted that the

fired cartridge casings recovered at the crime scene were .380 Tul brand

ammunition and testified that, especially at that time, Tul brand ammunition was

not common in the United States. Additionally, Mr. Stelly testified that the bullet

recovered from Ms. Peterson had insufficient identifying characteristics to make a

match with the .380 Bersa. However, according to Mr. Stelly, he was able to

conclude that the .380 fired Tul brand cartridge casings recovered from the

nightclub were fired from the .380 Bersa pistol recovered in Jefferson Parish.

The defendant contends that the evidence points to someone else as the

shooter and that there is insufficient evidence that he was in possession of a

firearm. The defendant points to Mr. Hall, the bouncer at Club Platinum, and the

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shorter, dark-skinned, angry-looking man identified by Ms. Peterson as alternative

possibilities. He also points to the testimony of Rhoda Blake, the head bartender at

Club Platinum, that Mr. Hall had a gun on the night of the shooting. According to

Ms. Blake, she took a gun from Mr. Hall and put it in her purse. However, she

stated that approximately fifteen to twenty minutes before the shooting, Mr. Hall

took the gun out of her purse. The defendant also notes Mr. Hall’s lengthy

criminal record, including several “serious” pending charges. He also points to

Ms. Peterson’s testimony about the angry-looking man who attempted to stub out a

cigarette on Ms. Peterson’s brother’s head. He also notes that several defense

witnesses testified that the defendant was with them in the club at the time of the

shooting, that they saw him run out of the club, and that they did not see him with

a gun. Finally, he argues that Ms. Duell’s testimony is unreliable because their

relationship was ending and she was upset with him.

The defendant also argues that the State was unable to definitively link the

defendant to the guns located in Jefferson Parish, i.e., Mr. Garner denied that the

defendant was the driver of the 1996 Chevy Lumina, that the DNA analyst was

unable to find DNA or fingerprints which would link him to the guns found in

Jefferson Parish, and that the firearms analyst was unable to link the bullet

removed from Ms. Peterson to the .380 Bersa recovered in Jefferson Parish. The

defendant also questions the reliability of the conclusion that the .380 cartridge

casings found at the nightclub were fired from the recovered .380 Bersa.

However, having reviewed the evidence in the light most favorable to the

prosecution, we find it is sufficient such that a reasonable finder of fact could

conclude that that all of the elements of the crime had been proven beyond a

reasonable doubt. With regard to the charges for attempted second degree murder,

9

the State had to establish that the defendant had specific intent to kill a human

being and committed an act in furtherance of that purpose. State in the Interest of

L.H., 94-903 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/15/95), 650 So.2d 433. Firing into a crowd is

sufficient to establish specific intent to kill. Id. We find that the State presented

evidence that, if credited by the jury, is sufficient to establish those elements.

The State presented evidence that, if accepted by the jury, the defendant was

present in Club Platinum at the time of the shooting, that he had been seen with a

gun less than forty-eight hours before the shooting, that there was an incident

involving the defendant and the victims, and that the defendant was seen leaving

the club “stuffing something in his pants.” The evidence was that the nightclub

was crowded when shots were fired and that Ms. Peterson, Ernest Sherman, and

Lovan Sherman were actually struck by the bullets. Further, Ms. Duell and Ms.

King testified that the defendant confessed to the crime.

Finally, the State also presented sufficient evidence that, if credited by the

jury, would lead to a conclusion that the defendant fled Alexandria after the

shooting and went to New Orleans, where he borrowed Ms. Payne’s car. Further,

reasonable inferences from the circumstantial evidence offered by the State are

sufficient that a reasonable juror could conclude that, while still driving the

borrowed car, the defendant failed to stop at a checkpoint in Jefferson Parish, lead

the police on a chase and ultimately evaded capture by fleeing on foot. The

location of the recovered guns along the chase route are sufficient to connect them

to the defendant, and the testimony concerning the unusual ammunition and firing

pin markings are sufficient to connect the .380 Bersa to the shooting at Club

10

Platinum.4 See Chism, 436 So.2d 464.

With regard to the charge of possession by a firearm by a convicted felon,

the State had to prove that the defendant had been convicted of a crime of violence

as enumerated in La.R.S. 14:2(B) and that he possessed a firearm within ten years

from the date of completion of sentence. The defendant stipulated to his 2007

conviction for second-degree battery, which is less than ten years from the

commission of the crime. Second-degree battery is listed as a “crime of violence”

in La.R.S. 14:2(B). As previously discussed, the evidence presented by the State is

sufficient to support a conclusion that the defendant possessed a firearm while in

Rapides Parish.

Accordingly, we find that the State presented sufficient evidence to satisfy

the Jackson v. Virginia standard with regard to the defendant’s conviction for three

counts of attempted second-degree murder and with regard to his conviction for

one count of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.

Evidentiary Issues

The defendant also asserts that the trial court made several evidentiary

errors. In his counseled brief, the defendant argues that the trial court erred in

permitting Mr. Stelly to testify as an expert with regard to firearms identification.

The defendant’s pro se assignments of error concern the admission of evidence of

the defendant’s prior conviction.

“An irregularity or error cannot be availed of after verdict unless it was

objected to at the time of occurrence.” La.Code Crim.P. art. 841(A). With regard

to the defendant’s allegation that the trial court erred in permitting Mr. Stelly to

4
We observe that, even if the jury found that the defendant was not driving the Lumina in
the early morning hours of October 29, 2010, there is sufficient evidence to connect the
defendant to the guns recovered from the chase route.

11

testify as an expert with regard to firearms identification, we find that the record

indicates that the defendant failed to preserve this issue for appellate review,

because he did not adequately bring this issue to the trial court’s attention. The

record indicates that the defendant filed a motion in limine concerning whether

firearms identification satisfies the Daubert standard. See Daubert v. Merrell Dow

Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S.Ct. 2786 (1993). The motion in limine

addressed, in part, a 2010 report by the National Academy of Sciences that

questioned the reliability of firearms identification. According to the record, the

motion in limine was filed in open court on August 14, 2012, i.e., the same day that

Mr. Stelly testified. Our review of the transcript and the minutes does not reveal

that there was any on-the-record discussion of that motion, nor is there any

argument or any ruling on the motion contained within the record.

However, we observe defense counsel briefly questioned Mr. Stelly about

the report during cross-examination about Mr. Stelly’s qualifications. The record

reflects that defense counsel attempted to question Mr. Stelly about error rates and

points of identification, but the trial court sustained the State’s objection on the

basis that the defense’s questions were not germane to whether Mr. Stelly was

qualified to testify as an expert. The trial court observed that the weight of Mr.

Stelly’s opinion was left to the jury. Defense counsel stated that he “was just

trying to gauge his expertise in this area so the [trial court] can make an informed

decision on that.” Thus, the record indicates that the defendant objected on the

basis of Mr. Stelly’s qualifications, not the substance of his testimony. However,

even assuming that this was sufficient to preserve the issue for appellate review,

we find no error in the trial court’s acceptance of Mr. Stelly as an expert witness.

12

A witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or

education may offer an opinion as to scientific, technical, or other expert testimony

if it will “assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in

issue.” La.Code Evid. art. 702. In State v. Allen, 41,548, pp. 11-13 (La.App. 2 Cir.

11/15/06), 942 So.2d 1244, 1254-55, writ denied, 07-530 (La. 12/7/07), 969 So.2d

619, the second circuit addressed the admissibility and review of expert testimony,

stating:

In State v. Foret, 628 So.2d 1116 (La.1993), the Louisiana
Supreme Court adopted the test set forth in Daubert v. Merrell Dow
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S.Ct. 2786, 125 L.Ed.2d
469 (1993), regarding proper standards for the admissibility of expert
testimony which requires the trial court to act in a gatekeeping
function to ensure that any and all scientific testimony or evidence
admitted is not only relevant, but reliable. State v. Chauvin, 02-1188
(La. 5/20/03), 846 So.2d 697. To assist the trial courts in their
preliminary assessment of whether the reasoning or methodology
underlying the testimony is scientifically valid and can properly be
applied to the facts at issue, the Supreme Court suggested the
following general observations are appropriate: 1) whether the theory
or technique can be and has been tested; 2) whether the theory or
technique has been subjected to peer review and publication; 3) the
known or potential rate of error; and 4) whether the methodology is
generally accepted by the relevant scientific community. Daubert,
509 U.S. at 592-594, 113 S.Ct. 2786. In Foret, supra, the court
adopted these observations as a helpful guide for our lower courts in
considering this difficult issue. Id. Thus, Louisiana has adopted
Daubert’s requirement that in order for technical or scientific expert
testimony to be admissible under La. C.E. Art. 702, the scientific
evidence must rise to a threshold level of reliability . . . . The trial
court may consider one or more of the four Daubert factors, but that
list of factors neither necessarily nor exclusively applies to all experts
or in every case. Id. Rather, the law grants a district court the same
broad latitude when it decides how to determine reliability as it enjoys
in respect to its ultimate reliability determinations. Kumho [Tire Co.,
Ltd. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137, 119 S.Ct. 1167 (1999)].

A trial court has great discretion in determining the competence
of an expert witness, and that determination will not be overturned
absent an abuse of discretion. La. C.E. art. 702; State v. Gipson,
37,132 (La.App.2d Cir. 6/25/03), 850 So.2d 973, writ denied, 03-2238
(La. 1/30/04), 865 So.2d 75. The test of competency of an expert is
his knowledge of the subject about which he is called upon to express

13

an opinion. A combination of specialized training, work experience,
and practical application of the expert’s knowledge can combine to
demonstrate that a person is an expert. State v. Gipson, supra.

Here, the record indicates that Mr. Stelly testified about his education and

experience. Notably, at the time of trial, Mr. Stelly had been working for the North

Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory since 1993, and he had been qualified as an

expert approximately 100 times in the field of firearms identification. He also

testified that, in addition to a bachelor’s degree in toxicology, he did twenty

months of training when he was hired by the crime lab. The defense attorney

questioned Mr. Stelly about the National Academy of Sciences report. Mr. Stelly

testified that he has testified about a dozen times since the publication of the report

and has been questioned about it on a majority of those occasions. Mr. Stelly also

demonstrated that he was familiar with the published error rates for firearms and

toolmark identification. We additionally note that, on direct and cross-

examination, Mr. Stelly testified as to the science of firearms identification and its

methodology, and how he applied it to the tested items in this case. Further, the

defendant subjected Mr. Stelly to stringent cross-examination concerning the

reliability of that testimony, including Mr. Stelly’s documentation protocol and

whether he had accounted for weapons that may have similar manufacturing marks

to the weapon tested herein.

Based on the record, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion

in allowing Mr. Stelly to testify as an expert. See Jacobs, 67 So.3d 535; State v.

Williams, 42,914 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1/9/08), 974 So.2d 157, writ denied, 08-465 (La.

9/26/08), 992 So.2d 983. Accordingly, the defendant’s arguments in this regard

are without merit.

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With regard to the defendant’s pro se assignments of error, both of which

concern the admission of the defendant’s prior conviction for second degree

battery, we find that this issue is not sufficiently preserved for appellate review.

See La.Code Crim.P. art. 841. A review of the record indicates that the defendant

made no objections when the State introduced evidence during its case in chief

concerning his prior conviction. Further, the defendant refers to several pages in

the record. Those pages contain a portion of the State’s closing argument, and do

not contain any references to the defendant’s prior conviction. We observe that the

State referred to the defendant’s status as a convicted felon at the end of its closing

argument, but the defendant made no objection to that reference.

Even assuming the issue was preserved for appellate review, the record

indicates that the defendant was charged with possession of a firearm by a

convicted felon, a violation of La.R.S. 14:95.1. The fact of his prior felony

conviction was an essential element of that crime, and was admissible for that

purpose. See State v. Ronquille, 09-231 (La.App. 5 Cir. 11/24/09), 26 So.3d 823,

writ denied, 10-525 (La. 2/25/11), 58 So.3d 455. The record indicates that the

defendant stipulated to his conviction for second degree battery in 2007.

Additionally, in charging the jury, the trial court emphasized that the fact of the

defendant’s prior conviction was introduced as evidence for the charge of

possession of a firearm by a convicted felon and that the jury “may not find [the

defendant] guilty of these charges merely because he’s previously been convicted

of a crime.”

The defendant’s arguments in this regard are without merit.

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State’s Reference to Responsive Verdicts

The defendant also contends that the State improperly instructed the jury not

to consider responsive verdicts and that the trial court should have sustained the

defendant’s objection to that reference. During closing arguments, the State

addressed the responsive verdicts of attempted manslaughter, aggravated battery,

and attempted possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The State then stated

that the defendant “doesn’t deserve consideration of these responsive verdicts;

these lesser and included verdicts. He doesn’t deserve it. He would go into a bar

because he’s upset at a young lady for not dancing with him, and fire off shots[.]”

The defendant objected on the grounds that the jury is required to consider

responsive verdicts but was overruled by the trial court.

The defendant argues that this statement was beyond the scope of closing

argument and was inflammatory. The defendant believes that a mistrial was

warranted, or, at minimum, an admonition from the trial court instructing the jury

to ignore the State’s comment. The State contends that the comment was merely

an attempt “to explain to the jury [that] the State had proven beyond a reasonable

doubt each essential element of the crime[.]” The State also argues that any error

was harmless.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 774 addresses the scope of

argument and states that “argument shall be confined to evidence admitted, to the

lack of evidence, to conclusions of fact that the state or defendant may draw

therefrom, and to the law applicable to the case. The argument shall not appeal to

prejudice.” Prosecutors are granted wide latitude in their closing argument tactics,

and the trial court has broad discretion in controlling the scope of that argument.

State v. Frank, 99-553 (La. 5/22/07), 957 So.2d 724. Further, an appellate court

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will not reverse a conviction where the prosecutor exceeds the bounds of closing

argument unless convinced that the argument influenced the jury and contributed

to the verdict. Id.

Here, even assuming that the State’s argument was improper, we find that

the record does not support a conclusion that the argument influenced the jury and

contributed to the verdict. As previously discussed, the evidence presented by the

State was sufficient to support the defendant’s convictions. Further, the

defendant’s argument to the jury was that he was not the shooter, not that he was

guilty of a lesser included offense. Finally, we note that the jury submitted a

question to the trial court concerning the lesser included offenses.

Accordingly, we find no merit to the defendant’s argument in this regard.

DECREE

The convictions of the defendant, Wardell Christopher Williams, for three

counts of attempted second degree murder and one count of possession of a firearm

by a convicted felon are affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

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