State of Louisiana v. Willie Calvin Jones, Jr.

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

14-172

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

WILLIE CALVIN JONES, JR.

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APPEAL FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 306,514
HONORABLE THOMAS M. YEAGER, DISTRICT JUDGE

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PHYLLIS M. KEATY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, James T. Genovese, and Phyllis M. Keaty,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

James C. Downs
District Attorney
Michael W. Shannon
Assistant District Attorney
Post Office Drawer 1472
Alexandria, Louisiana 71309
(318) 473-6650
Counsel for Appellee:
State of Louisiana

Edward K. Bauman
Louisiana Appellate Project
Post Office Box 1641
Lake Charles, Louisiana 70602-1641
(337) 491-0570
Counsel for Defendant/Appellant:
Willie Calvin Jones, Jr.

KEATY, Judge.

Following a bench trial, Defendant, Willie Calvin Jones, Jr., was found

guilty of attempted second degree murder, armed robbery, and possession of a

firearm by a convicted felon. He was sentenced to a total of seventy years at hard

labor. Defendant now appeals his armed robbery conviction. For the following

reasons, we affirm.

DISCUSSION

Procedural History

On May 31, 2011, the State filed a bill of information charging Defendant

and two co-defendants with attempted second degree murder, a violation of

La.R.S. 14:27 and La.R.S. 14:30.1, and armed robbery, a violation of La.R.S.

14:64. The bill was subsequently amended several times, with the final March 5,

2013 amendment adding a charge of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, a

violation of La.R.S. 14:95.1, and removing the names of the co-defendants.

Defendant waived his right to jury trial, and, following a September 19,

2013 bench trial, he was found guilty as charged on all three counts. On

September 27, 2013, Defendant was sentenced to fifty years at hard labor for his

attempted second degree murder conviction, ten years at hard labor for his armed

robbery conviction, and ten years at hard labor for his felon in possession of a

firearm conviction. The sentences were ordered to run consecutively.

Defendant now appeals, alleging that the evidence was insufficient to

support his conviction for armed robbery.

Facts1

In late April 2011, the victim, Bernard Ellis, was in a Magic Mart

convenience store in Alexandria, Louisiana, when he was confronted by Defendant

and another man. Defendant threatened the victim before taking his watch, ring,

and sixty dollars in cash. At some point during the incident, Defendant had a gun,

although there was conflicting testimony regarding whether Defendant had a gun

during the robbery or after it was over.

Errors Patent

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed by

this court for errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record,

we have discovered two potential errors patent.

Defendant was entitled to a jury trial in this case. See La.R.S. 14:27, 14:30.1,

14:64, 14:95.1, and La.Code Crim.P. art. 782. As amended in 2010, La.Const. art.

1, § 17 now provides, “[e]xcept in capital cases, a defendant may knowingly and

intelligently waive his right to a trial by jury but no later than forty-five days prior

to the trial date and the waiver shall be irrevocable.” In State v. Bazile, 12-2243

(La. 5/7/13), __ So.3d __, the supreme court interpreted “trial date” to mean the

initial trial setting. In the present case, the initial trial setting was October 10, 2011,

after the December 1, 2010, effective date of the forty-five day rule contained in

La.Const. art. 1, § 17. Defendant waived his right to a jury trial on September 16,

2013, three days prior to the commencement of trial. Accordingly, there was a

violation of the forty-five day rule of La.Const. art. 1, § 17.

1
Although Defendant was also tried and convicted of attempted second degree murder
and felon in possession of a firearm, the facts relative to those convictions are not pertinent to
this appeal and will not be discussed herein.

2

In State v. McKeel, 13-855 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/12/14), __ So.3d __, this court

found the error in allowing the defendant to waive his right to trial by a jury in

violation of the time period set forth in La.Const. art. 1, § 17 was harmless where

the defendant did not object to the granting of the waiver. This court additionally

noted the defendant did not assign as error or argue the jury waiver issue on

appeal.2 In the case at bar, Defendant has not assigned as error on appeal the jury

waiver issue. Accordingly, we conclude that any error is harmless.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 780 was amended in 2013 to

provide as follows:

A. A defendant charged with an offense other than one
punishable by death may knowingly and intelligently waive a trial by
jury and elect to be tried by the judge.

B. The defendant shall exercise his right to waive trial by jury
in accordance with Article I, Section 17 of the Constitution of
Louisiana. The waiver shall be by written motion filed in the district
court not later than forty-five days prior to the date the case is set for
trial. The motion shall be signed by the defendant and shall also be
signed by defendant’s counsel unless the defendant has waived his
right to counsel.

C. With the consent of the district attorney the defendant may
waive trial by jury within forty-five days prior to the commencement
of trial.

D. A waiver of trial by jury is irrevocable and cannot be
withdrawn by the defendant.

The effective date of the amendment to La.Code Crim.P. art. 780 was June 17,

2013, after the amendment to La.Const. art. 1, § 17 and the Bazile ruling.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 780 now requires a waiver of jury

trial “not later than forty-five days prior to the date the case is set for trial.”

However, La.Code Crim.P. art. 780(C) allows a waiver within forty-five days prior

2
See also State v. Bourque, 13-552 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/18/13) (unpublished opinion).

3

to the commencement of trial with the consent of the district attorney. As

previously mentioned, Defendant waived his right to a jury trial on September 16,

2013. Court minutes indicate Defendant was present in open court with his

attorney when his right to a trial by jury was discussed and waived. There is no

indication that the State objected to the waiver. For those reasons, we conclude

that no violation of La.Code Crim.P. art. 780 occurred.

The requirement of La.Code Crim.P. art. 780 that the jury trial waiver be in

writing was in effect at the time of the September 16, 2013 waiver in this case.

There was no written waiver of jury trial; however, the record reveals that

Defendant and his attorney told the trial judge in open court that Defendant wished

to waive his right to jury trial. Defendant was sworn in and questioned by the trial

court regarding his understanding of his right to a jury trial. Thereafter, the trial

court allowed Defendant to waive his right to trial by jury, and the matter was reset

for a bench trial.

In State v. Bell, 13-1443, pp. 2-3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/4/14), 140 So.3d 830,

832, this court held:

The effective date of the amendment to Article 780 was June
17, 2013. Thus, the requirement that the jury trial waiver be in
writing was in effect at the time of the August 5, 2013 waiver in this
case. The record reveals no written waiver of jury trial as required
by La.Code Crim.P. art. 780. However, Defendant and his attorney
were in open court when the judge addressed his right to a jury trial
and waiver thereof. Cf. State v. Pierre, 02-2665 (La.3/28/03), 842
So.2d 321 (the preferred (not required) method is the court’s
advisement of the right to a jury trial in open court and the
defendant’s personal waiver).1 Thus, we conclude that the error in
failing to obtain a written waiver in violation of La.Code Crim.P. art.
780 is harmless under the facts of this case.
______________
1
Pierre predates the 2013 amendment to La.Code Crim.P. art. 780
requiring a written waiver; however, it is instructive in assessing whether
obtaining an oral waiver is harmless in light of the newly-required written waiver.

4

Likewise, we conclude that the error in failing to obtain a written waiver in

violation of La.Code Crim.P. art. 780 is harmless under the facts of this case.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

Defendant argues that the State’s evidence was insufficient to support his

armed robbery conviction. Specifically, he observes that no gun was recovered in

connection with the robbery and that there was conflicting testimony regarding

when the gun or guns were produced during the incident. Defendant also argues

that the store security video corroborates his assertion that he did not have a gun

during the robbery. The State counters that, when viewed in the light most

favorable to the prosecution, the evidence was sufficient to support Defendant’s

conviction for armed robbery. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781,

rehearing denied, 444 U.S. 890, 100 S.Ct. 195 (1979).

The test for claims of insufficient evidence is settled:

When the issue of sufficiency of evidence is raised on appeal, the
critical inquiry of the reviewing court is whether, after viewing the
evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational
trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560, rehearing denied, 444 U.S. 890, 100
S.Ct. 195, 62 L.Ed.2d 126 (1979); State ex rel. Graffagnino v. King,
436 So.2d 559 (La.1983); State v. Duncan, 420 So.2d 1105 (La.1982);
State v. Moody, 393 So.2d 1212 (La.1981). It is the role of the fact
finder to weigh the respective credibility of the witnesses, and
therefore, the appellate court should not second guess the credibility
determinations of the triers of fact beyond the sufficiency evaluations
under the Jackson standard of review. See State ex rel. Graffagnino,
436 So.2d 559 (citing State v. Richardson, 425 So.2d 1228
(La.1983)). In order for this Court to affirm a conviction, however,
the record must reflect that the state has satisfied its burden of proving
the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.

State v. Kennerson, 96-1518, p. 5 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/7/97), 695 So.2d 1367, 1371.

The elements of armed robbery are set forth in La.R.S. 14:64(A), which

states, “[a]rmed robbery is the taking of anything of value belonging to another

5

from the person of another or that is in the immediate control of another, by use of

force or intimidation, while armed with a dangerous weapon.” Defendant argues

on appeal that the State did not prove he was armed with a dangerous weapon

during the robbery. Defendant further submits that even if the testimonies of the

victim and former co-defendant Anthony Smith are believed, he did not arm

himself with a gun until after the robbery had taken place.

Initially, the victim testified that Defendant did not have a gun during the

taking. However, the victim later admitted that in a statement he gave to Detective

Len Hall soon after the robbery, he stated that Defendant had a gun when the

taking occurred. Thereafter, the victim testified as follows:

EXAMINATION CONTINUED BY MR. SHANNON [Prosecutor]:

Q Now, I’m going to refer you to Page 4 of your previous
statement given on April 27, 2011. At which do you
recall saying, I’m calling your attention to the top of the
page -- you know what I’m saying, and Calvin was still
like going toward it. You know what I’m saying. And a
man grabbed Corey and that’s when I had picked up a
bottle and Corey ran out the store and Corey got another
gun...

A Yes, sir.

Q So, we’re talking about two guns aren’t we?

A Yes, sir.

Q Right?

A Yes, sir.

Q So, Corey went and got another gun, but that’s after they took
your watch and your ring?

A Yes, sir.

Q Right?

A Yes, sir.

6

Q And they took your -- the watch and the ring after Jones, the
defendant, pointed a gun at you?

A Yes, sir.
The prosecutor then questioned the victim about an affidavit that he signed while

in jail after the robbery wherein he stated that he had not been robbed. The victim

explained that he signed the affidavit after Defendant sent it to him in jail, but that

the information contained in the affidavit was not true. The victim then reiterated

that the information contained in his initial statement to Detective Hall was true,

i.e., that Defendant was armed with a gun when he was robbed.

“It is well settled that the factfinder is free to accept or reject some, none, or

all of any witness’ testimony.” State v. Savoy, 06-191, p. 10 (La.App. 3 Cir.

5/31/06), 931 So.2d 1207, 1213. 3 The victim’s testimony provided sufficient

evidence for the trial judge, as fact finder, to determine that Defendant had a

dangerous weapon during the taking. Further, although former co-defendant

Anthony Smith’s testimony suggested that the “gun did come into play” after the

taking, it was not clear on this point. Nevertheless, we conclude that the evidence

showing that Defendant armed himself after the taking is sufficient to support his

conviction for armed robbery. The first circuit has explained:

In [State v.] Bridges, [444 So.2d 721 (La.App. 5 Cir.1984)]
similar to the instant case, one of the perpetrators grabbed money
from a cash drawer. While the subject was at the register, two other
perpetrators disarmed the security guard. The three men, waving the
stolen gun, then fled from the store. The court noted that the three
men armed themselves not so much to take possession of the money,
but to ensure that they could escape without resistance from the
victims. The court found that the money was taken by virtue of
physical force or intimidation and the final step in the series of events
or res gestae was perfected by the use of the gun. The court noted that
3
We have viewed the store security video and still pictures. While they do not clearly
show whether Defendant had a gun, the video appears to show the victim dodging some sort of
threat.

7

the security guard’s gun was not stolen to be pocketed by the
defendants, but rather was implemented in the course of their crime.
The court concluded that the elements of armed robbery were met in
that case although a gun was not used for force or intimidation until
after the money was in the possession of the perpetrators. Bridges,
444 So.2d at 726. The court relied in part on State v. Melton, 296
So.2d 280 (La.1974). . . . Moreover, as set forth in 77 C.J.S. Robbery
§ 37 (2011), “The use of a dangerous weapon at any point in the
robbery will constitute armed robbery as long as it reasonably can be
said to be part of a single occurrence or continuous transaction. It is
not required that the robber be armed prior to the robbery, as long as
the robber is armed during the robbery or in flight therefrom.”
(Footnotes omitted).

State v. Brown, 11-363, pp. 6-7 (La.App. 1 Cir. 9/14/11), 77 So.3d 297, 301, writ

denied, 11-2293 (La. 3/9/12), 84 So.3d 550.4

There was evidence adduced at trial that indicated Defendant was armed

during the taking. However, under Brown, even if the evidence is viewed as

showing that Defendant armed himself after the taking, such evidence would still

support his armed robbery conviction. Accordingly, Defendant’s assignment of

error lacks merit.

DECREE

Defendant’s armed robbery conviction is affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

This opinion is NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION.
Uniform Rules—Courts of Appeal, Rule 2–16.3.

4
Note: Westlaw does not include a writ denial in Brown, but the writ denial itself lists the
pertinent appellate docket number as 11-363.

8