State of Louisiana v. Armonta Dquon Hadnot

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

15-36

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

ARMONTA DQUON HADNOT

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APPEAL FROM THE
FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 11072-13
HONORABLE CLAYTON DAVIS, DISTRICT JUDGE

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BILLY HOWARD EZELL
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Billy Howard Ezell,
and Shannon J. Gremillion, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

John Foster DeRosier
District Attorney
Karen C. McLellan
Assistant District Attorney
Fourteenth Judicial District Court
P. O. Box 3206
Lake Charles, LA 70602-3206
(337) 437-3400
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana

Paula Corley Marx
Louisiana Appellate Project
P. O. Box 80006
Lafayette, LA 70598-0006
(337) 991-9757
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Armonta Dquon Hadnot

EZELL, Judge.

Defendant, Armonta Dquon Hadnot, was indicted on April 11, 2013, on

three counts of first degree murder, violations of La.R.S. 14:30, three counts of

attempted first degree murder, violations of La.R.S. 14:27 and 14:30, and six

counts of armed robbery with a firearm, violations of La.R.S. 14:64 and 14:64.3. A

jury trial commenced on June 30, 2014. The six armed robbery offenses were

severed from the indictment by agreement of all the parties. On July 2, 2014,

Defendant was found guilty of three counts of first degree murder and three counts

of attempted first degree murder.

Defendant was sentenced on July 8, 2014, to three life terms on the

convictions for first degree murder and three fifty-year terms for the attempted first

degree murder convictions. All the sentences were ordered to be served

consecutively and with credit for time served. Defendant did not object to the

sentences following the hearing or file a motion to reconsider the sentences.

Defendant perfected a timely appeal, wherein he alleges that considering his

youth, the three consecutive life sentences plus the three consecutive fifty-year

sentences are constitutionally excessive.

For the following reasons, we find there is no merit to this claim of

excessiveness.

FACTS

On March 20, 2013, at approximately 10:00 p.m., Defendant and a co-

defendant entered McMillan Park in Lake Charles, Louisiana, and approached six

young men who were playing dice. Defendant was armed with a handgun. The

two robbers demanded money. After the men produced some money, Defendant

opened fire, killing one man as he knelt on the ground and two other men as they

fled, wounding one man, and firing at the two remaining men, who escaped

unharmed. Defendant was eighteen years old at the time of the shooting.

ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for

errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find there is

an error patent concerning Defendant‘s sentences; however, action is not required

by this court under either of the two alternatives discussed below.

For each count of first degree murder, Defendant was sentenced to life

imprisonment at hard labor ―without benefit.‖ On each of the counts of attempted

first degree murder, Defendant received a maximum fifty-year hard labor sentence

―without benefit.‖ When clarifying ―without benefit,‖ it appears the court denied

probation or suspension of sentence but not parole:

MR. KIMBALL:

And, Your Honor, I think just to make the record clear, that‘s
without benefit of probation or suspension of sentence - -

THE COURT:

Yes, sir - -

MR. KIMBALL:

- - on each one of those?

THE COURT:

- - each one, on all six sentences.

Although the court minutes indicate that the judge ordered the sentences to

be served without the benefit of parole, the transcript does not. ―[W]hen the

minutes and the transcript conflict, the transcript prevails.‖ State v. Wommack, 00-

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137, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/7/00), 770 So.2d 365, 369, writ denied, 00-2051 (La.

9/21/01), 797 So.2d 62.

In imposing the sentences, the trial judge correctly stated that the sentences

were to be served without benefit of probation or suspension of sentence.

However, the trial court failed to state that the sentences were to be served without

benefit of parole. Both first degree murder and attempted first degree murder are

to be served without benefit of parole, which is required by La.R.S. 14:27 and

14:30. Accordingly, the sentences imposed in this case are illegally lenient.

However, because the issue was not raised, this court will not address it. State v.

Smith, 10-830 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/9/11), 58 So.3d 964, writ denied, 11-503 (La.

9/30/11), 71 So.3d 279.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

While technically not a juvenile offender in this case, Defendant argues that

because he was only eighteen years old at the time of the killings, the sentences are

excessive and constitute cruel and unusual punishment. He cites Miller v.

Alabama, ___ U.S. ___, 132 S.Ct. 2455 (2012), and argues that because of his

youth, he is entitled to parole eligibility.

Defendant did not object to the sentences with specificity when they were

imposed. Following the sentencing hearing, defense counsel stated: ―And of

course, Your Honor, we reserve our rights to appeal . . . the sentence of the court.‖

Furthermore, Defendant did not file a subsequent motion for reconsideration of the

sentences. Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 881.1, in pertinent part,

provides:

A. (1) In felony cases, within thirty days following the
imposition of sentence or within such longer period as the trial court

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may set at sentence, the state or the defendant may make or file a
motion to reconsider sentence.

....

E. Failure to make or file a motion to reconsider sentence or to
include a specific ground upon which a motion to reconsider sentence
may be based, including a claim of excessiveness, shall preclude the
state or the defendant from raising an objection to the sentence or
from urging any ground not raised in the motion on appeal or review.

However, this court has reviewed claims of excessiveness where no

objection was made and no motion to reconsider sentence filed. See State v.

Johnlouis, 09-235 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/4/09), 22 So.3d 1150, writ denied, 10-97 (La.

6/25/10), 38 So.3d 336, cert. denied, __ U.S. __, 131 S.Ct. 932 (2011); State v.

Thomas, 08-1358 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/6/09), 18 So.3d 127; State v. Perry, 08-1304

(La.App. 3 Cir. 5/6/09), 9 So.3d 342, writ denied, 09-1955 (La. 6/25/10), 38 So.3d

352; State v. H.J.L., 08-823 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 999 So.2d 338, writ denied,

09-606 (La. 12/18/09), 23 So.3d 936; State v. Quinn, 09-1382 (La.App. 3 Cir.

5/12/10), 38 So.3d 1102, writ denied, 10-1355 (La. 1/7/11), 52 So.3d 885.

Therefore, this court will review the sentences under a bare excessiveness claim.

See State v. Clark, 06-508 (La.App. 3 Cir. 9/27/06), 940 So.2d 799, writ denied,

06-2857 (La. 9/21/07), 964 So.2d 324.

In brief, Defendant argues:

Thus, the trial court‘s sentence fails to take into account the mitigating
qualities of youth and deliver an individualized and proportionate
sentence as required by the United States and La. Constitutions. Miller
v. Alabama, supra., has already mandated such a procedure and
protection for juvenile offenders. The same safeguards against cruel
and unusual punishment should apply to Armonta Hadnot who was
eighteen at the time of this crime.

The Supreme Court stated in Graham that ―[a] State is not
required to guarantee eventual freedom,‖ but must provide ―some
meaningful opportunity to obtain release based on demonstrated
maturity and rehabilitation.‖ Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48, 78

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(2010). Miller reaffirmed Graham’s mandate for meaningful review.
Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2469.

The Louisiana Supreme Court summarized the Court‘s holding
in Miller as follows: ―…the Supreme Court specifically held ‗the
Eighth Amendment forbids a sentencing scheme that mandates life in
prison without the possibility of parole for juvenile offenders,‘ finding
instead the sentencing court must first hold a hearing to consider
mitigating factors, such as the defendant‘s youth, before imposing this
severe penalty.‖ State v. Tate, 2012-2763 (La. 11/05/13), 130 So.3d
829 (2013 La. LEXIS 2376, 8), quoting Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2469.

In response to Miller, the Louisiana Legislature enacted La.Code Crim.P.

art. 878.1(A), which provides:

In any case where an offender is to be sentenced to life
imprisonment for a conviction of first degree murder (R.S. 14:30) or
second degree murder (R.S. 14:30.1) where the offender was under
the age of eighteen years at the time of the commission of the offense,
a hearing shall be conducted prior to sentencing to determine whether
the sentence shall be imposed with or without parole eligibility
pursuant to the provisions of R.S. 15:574.4(E).

Accordingly, no hearing was mandated in this case, and the record indicates

that no such hearing was requested. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court heard

a statement made by one of the deceased victim‘s family members. Following

statements by defense counsel and the State, the trial court sentenced Defendant.

In State v. Fletcher, 49,303 (La.App. 2 Cir. 10/1/14), 149 So.3d 934, where

the fifteen-year-old defendant shot both his mother and father to death with a

shotgun, the trial court sentenced him to two life terms of imprisonment without

the benefit of parole. The second circuit vacated the sentences and remanded

pursuant to La.Code Crim.P. art. 878.1. The trial court conducted a hearing as

required and then again sentenced the juvenile to two terms of life imprisonment

without the benefit of parole. The second circuit affirmed the sentences. While

discussing whether the sentences were excessive, the second circuit noted:

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The test imposed by the reviewing court in determining the
excessiveness of a sentence is two-pronged. First, the record must
show that the trial court took cognizance of the criteria set forth in La.
C. Cr. P. art. 894.1. The trial judge is not required to list every
aggravating or mitigating circumstance so long as the record reflects
that he adequately considered the guidelines of the article. State v.
Williams, 48,525 (La.App.2d Cir.11/20/13), 128 So.3d 1250. The
important elements which should be considered are the defendant's
personal history (age, family ties, marital status, health, employment
record), prior criminal record, seriousness of offense, and the
likelihood of rehabilitation. State v. Jones, 398 So.2d 1049 (La.1981);
State v. Haley, 38,258 (La.App.2d Cir.4/22/04), 873 So.2d 747, writ
denied, 2004-2606 (La.6/24/05), 904 So.2d 728.

Second, a sentence violates La. Const. art. I, § 20, if it is grossly
out of proportion to the seriousness of the offense or nothing more
than a purposeless and needless infliction of pain and suffering. State
v. Smith, 2001-2574 (La.1/14/03), 839 So.2d 1; State v. Haley, supra.
A sentence is considered grossly disproportionate if, when the crime
and punishment are viewed in light of the harm done to society, it
shocks the sense of justice. State v. Weaver, 2001-0467 (La.1/15/02),
805 So.2d 166. As a general rule, maximum or near maximum
sentences are reserved for the worst offenders and the worst offenses.
State v. Williams, supra.

Id. at 943-44.

The second circuit then reviewed the facts of that case and concluded that

regardless of that fact that the defendant was a juvenile at the time of the offense,

there was little likelihood of rehabilitation and that the seriousness of the crime

dictated that the juvenile spend the rest of his life incarcerated. Regarding the

Miller mandate, the second circuit noted that the United States Supreme Court

stated in its opinion the following:

We therefore hold that the Eighth Amendment
forbids a sentencing scheme that mandates life in prison
without possibility of parole for juvenile offenders. Cf.
Graham [v. Florida], 560 U.S. [48], at [75], 130 S.Ct. [
], at 2030 [(2010)] (―A State is not required to guarantee
eventual freedom,‖ but must provide ―some meaningful
opportunity to obtain release based on demonstrated
maturity and rehabilitation‖). By making youth (and all
that accompanies it) irrelevant to imposition of that
harshest prison sentence, such a scheme poses too great a

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risk of disproportionate punishment. Because that
holding is sufficient to decide these cases, we do not
consider [defendants‘] alternative argument that the
Eighth Amendment requires a categorical bar on life
without parole for juveniles, or at least for those 14 and
younger. But given all we have said in Roper [v.
Simmons, 543 U.S. 551, 125 S.Ct. 1183 (2005)],
Graham, and this decision about children‘s diminished
culpability and heightened capacity for change, we think
appropriate occasions for sentencing juveniles to this
harshest possible penalty will be uncommon. That is
especially so because of the great difficulty we noted in
Roper and Graham of distinguishing at this early age
between ―the juvenile offender whose crime reflects
unfortunate yet transient immaturity, and the rare
juvenile offender whose crime reflects irreparable
corruption.‖ Roper, 543 U.S., at 573, 125 S.Ct. 1183;
Graham, 560 U.S., at [67-70], 130 S.Ct., at 2026-2027.
Although we do not foreclose a sentencer‘s ability to
make that judgment in homicide cases, we require it to
take into account how children are different, and how
those differences counsel against irrevocably sentencing
them to a lifetime in prison.

....

Graham, Roper, and our individualized sentencing
decisions make clear that a judge or jury must have the
opportunity to consider mitigating circumstances before
imposing the harshest possible penalty for juveniles. By
requiring that all children convicted of homicide receive
lifetime incarceration without possibility of parole,
regardless of their age and age-related characteristics and
the nature of their crimes, the mandatory sentencing
schemes before us violate this principle of
proportionality, and so the Eighth Amendment‘s ban on
cruel and unusual punishment.

Miller, ____ U.S. at ____ .

The trial judge who imposed the sentence was the same judge who presided

over the pretrial hearings and trial. He heard all the testimony and observed all the

witnesses. The trial court did not request a pre-sentence investigation report, and

the record contains very little information regarding Defendant. However, where

there is a constitutionally mandatory sentence, there is no need for the trial court to

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justify a sentence it is legally required to impose under La.Code Crim.P. art. 894.1.

State v. Williams, 445 So.2d 1264 (La.App. 3 Cir.), writ denied, 449 So.2d 1346

(La.1984); State v. Dorthey, 623 So.2d 1276 (La.1993).

The record does indicate that at the time of the offenses, Defendant was on

probation for two drug offenses committed the year prior to the killings. The

record further indicates that Defendant was implicated as the shooter in a drive-by

shooting committed earlier in the day. One of the surviving victims testified at

trial that he knew Defendant from high school, and that at one time had had a

problem with him, but at the time of the shooting, there was nothing which would

have provoked Defendant. The other two surviving victims did not know

Defendant prior to the shooting. Defendant did not testify at trial, nor did he speak

on his own behalf at the sentencing hearing.

As noted in Fletcher, 149 So.3d 934, there are times when even a juvenile

may be subjected to life in prison without parole eligibility. Defendant in this case

was not a juvenile, and he chose to take the lives of three young men with no

apparent remorse for his actions. We cannot say that the trial court erred when it

sentenced Defendant to the mandatory life imprisonment.

DECREE

Defendant‘s convictions and sentences are affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

This opinion is NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION. Uniform
Rules—Courts of Appeal. Rule 2–16.3.

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