State of Louisiana v. Blain K. Bass

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

20-131

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

BLAIN K. BASS

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APPEAL FROM THE
TWENTY-EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LASALLE, NO. 18-9
HONORABLE J. CHRISTOPHER PETERS, DISTRICT JUDGE

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JOHN E. CONERY
JUDGE

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Court composed of John E. Conery, Van H. Kyzar, and Sharon Darville Wilson,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Chad M. Ikerd
Louisiana Appellate Project
Post Office Box 2125
Lafayette, Louisiana 70502
(225) 806-2930
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Blain K. Bass

Honorable J. Reed Walters
District Attorney
Twenty-Eighth Judicial District
Post Office Box 1940
Jena, Louisiana 71342
(318) 992-8282
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana

CONERY, Judge.

Defendant, Blain 1 K. Bass, was charged by bill of information with two

counts of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, a violation of La.R.S.

14:95.1. 2 Defendant entered an open ended plea of guilty to one count of

possession of a firearm by a convicted felon with no sentencing recommendation.

After ordering and receiving a pre-sentence investigation report, the trial court

conducted a sentencing hearing and sentenced Defendant to twelve years at hard

labor without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence, along

with a one thousand dollar fine and court costs.

Trial counsel for Defendant timely filed a motion to reconsider sentence,

asserting that Defendant’s twelve-year sentence was excessive in light of his lack

of violent offenses, and that the trial court failed to properly consider mitigating

circumstances such as Defendant’s admission to the offense. Defendant also

timely filed a pro se motion to reconsider sentence, asking the trial court to

resentence him to seven years at hard labor and contending his sentence was the

result of threats and coercion from both his own attorney and the District Attorney.

The trial court held a hearing on Defendant’s motion to reconsider. Noting

that Defendant’s pro se motion accuses trial counsel of ineffective assistance, the

trial court relieved counsel of his obligation to argue the attorney’s counsel filed

motion, and allowed Defendant to proceed with arguing his own pro se motion to

reconsider. Following Defendant’s argument that he felt his sentence was
1
Both briefs in this case list Defendant’s name as “Blaine,” as do the transcripts.
However, the bill of information lists Defendant’s name as “Blain,” as do the court minutes, trial
court motions, the guilty plea, and the motion to reconsider signed by Defendant. Accordingly,
we use the spelling “Blain.”
2
Much of the trial court record in this case was submitted in docket number 19-170,
which has been made an exhibit to the current docket number 20-131.

excessive and his request for a seven-year sentence, the trial court stated it believed

Defendant’s sentence was “appropriate and fair” and denied the pro se motion to

reconsider. Defendant appealed his sentence in docket number 19-170. By Order

dated July 17, 2019, this court noted that trial counsel’s motion to reconsider was

still outstanding and remanded the case to the trial court for disposition of trial

counsel’s “Motion to Reconsider Sentence.”

On November 5, 2019, the trial court held a hearing on the counsel-filed

motion to reconsider sentence, and once more upheld the original twelve-year

sentence. Defendant appeals, re-urging his claim from docket number 19-170 that

“[t]he trial court’s twelve-year sentence for one count of felon in possession of a

firearm was excessive in this case. The court mischaracterized facts of the case as

aggravating factors in its decision.” For the following reasons, we affirm

Defendant’s conviction and sentence.

FACTS

At the time of Defendant’s guilty plea, the State provided the following

factual basis:

Yes sir, Judge. In docket 15-1220, on February 17, 2016, Mr.
Blaine Bass entered a plea here in this court, before Your Honor, to a
charge of Distribution of Synthetic Marijuana, setting the predicate for
the Possession of [a] Firearm by a Convicted Felon. Then on
December 28, 2017, while up in the northern end of the parish, on
highway 125 at the Pentecostal Church Road here in La Salle Parish,
near Urania, Deputy Joseph Spence was traveling. He noticed a
vehicle traveling in front of him. Uh, it crossed over the fog line on
the roadway multiple times. He activated his emergency lights to
perform a traffic stop. The driver, and only occupant, was found to be
Blaine Kyle Bass. Uh, Mr. Bass advised Deputy Spence that he had a
suspended driver’s license and that he had been convicted of a felony.
Mr. Bass was acting somewhat nervously which led the officer to do
subsequent investigations. Subsequent investigation revealed the
presence of a Taurus 380 caliber handgun, that had one round in the
chamber, located in the console within access, reach, of the driver, uh,
in the vehicle that Mr. Bass was operating. It was seized. A picture

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of it was taken and I have a photograph of it rather than the actual gun
itself.

Defendant contended that the 380 caliber handgun was disassembled, with

the firing mechanism unattached and that it did not have a round in the chamber.

However, Defendant had two firearms in the car. It was noted the conviction was

actually for the Ruger 10/22 rifle that was in the vehicle, not the handgun, and that

the Defendant pled guilty.

ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for

errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find there

are no errors patent.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

In his sole assignment of error, Defendant contends his sentence is excessive

because the trial court “mischaracterized certain facts of the case as ‘aggravating

facts.’” Defendant correctly notes that the factual basis given at the guilty plea did

not indicate that he fled from the officer, although he acknowledges he did in fact

run from the officer and was initially arrested for misdemeanor resisting arrest by

flight. According to the police narrative prepared by Deputy Joseph Spence,

Defendant fled the scene after informing Deputy Spence that he was a convicted

felon and that there were firearms in the vehicle. Both firearms were located in the

car after Defendant fled the scene; according to the narrative, both weapons had a

round in the chamber.

3

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 881.1 provides the

mechanism for preserving the review of a sentence on appeal:

A. (1) In felony cases, within thirty days following the
imposition of sentence or within such longer period as the trial court
may set at sentence, the state or the defendant may make or file a
motion to reconsider sentence.

....

E. Failure to make or file a motion to reconsider sentence or to
include a specific ground upon which a motion to reconsider sentence
may be based, including a claim of excessiveness, shall preclude the
state or the defendant from raising an objection to the sentence or
from urging any ground not raised in the motion on appeal or review.

Defendant’s current argument, that the trial court mischaracterized the facts

surrounding Defendant’s arrest, was not raised in the trial court and is therefore not

properly before this court. Uniform Rules—Courts of Appeal, Rule 1-3. In his

motion to reconsider, trial counsel argued that the trial court:

did not fully consider the mitigating facts presented to the court.
Further the defendant asserts that the sentence is excessive in relation
to the defendant[’]s criminal history and his lack of violent offenses.
The court should also consider that the defendant did admit to the
offense and did not attempt to conceal or hide the weapons when
confronted by law enforcement.

Likewise, Defendant’s pro se motion to reconsider argues incorrectly that

trial counsel failed to file a motion to reconsider and also that his plea was the

result of “threat, coercion, from his attorney and the District Attorney, when they

threatened him with a larger sentence, railroading the proceeding[.]” As neither of

Defendant’s motions to reconsider sentence actually argued that facts of the case

were mischaracterized as aggravating factors, La.Code Crim.P. art. 881.1(E)

prohibits Defendant from now raising said claim.

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However, we will review the claim as a general excessiveness claim.

Louisiana courts have laid out the following guidelines with regard to excessive

sentence review:

Sentences within the statutory sentencing range can be
reviewed for constitutional excessiveness. State v. Sepulvado, 367
So.2d 762 (La.1979). In State v. Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, p. 12
(La.App. 3 Cir. 1/31/01), 779 So.2d 1035, 1042-43, writ denied, 01-
838 (La.2/1/02), 808 So.2d 331, a panel of this court discussed the
review of excessive sentence claims, stating:

La. Const. art. I, § 20 guarantees that, “[n]o law
shall subject any person to cruel or unusual punishment.”
To constitute an excessive sentence, the reviewing court
must find the penalty so grossly disproportionate to the
severity of the crime as to shock our sense of justice or
that the sentence makes no measurable contribution to
acceptable penal goals and is, therefore, nothing more
than a needless imposition of pain and suffering. State v.
Campbell, 404 So.2d 1205 (La.1981). The trial court has
wide discretion in the imposition of sentence within the
statutory limits and such sentence shall not be set aside as
excessive absent a manifest abuse of discretion. State v.
Etienne, 99-192 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99); 746 So.2d
124, writ denied, 00-0165 (La.6/30/00); 765 So.2d 1067.
The relevant question is whether the trial court abused its
broad sentencing discretion, not whether another
sentence might have been more appropriate. State v.
Cook, 95-2784 (La.5/31/96); 674 So.2d 957, cert. denied,
519 U.S. 1043, 117 S.Ct. 615, 136 L.Ed.2d 539 (1996).

Further, in reviewing the defendant’s sentences, the appellate
court should consider the nature of the crime, the nature and
background of the offender, and the sentences imposed for similar
crimes. State v. Lisotta, 98-648 (La.App. 5 Cir. 12/16/98), 726 So.2d
57 (citing State v. Telsee, 425 So.2d 1251 (La.1983)), writ denied, 99-
433 (La.6/25/99), 745 So.2d 1183. In State v. Smith, 02-719, p. 4
(La.App. 3 Cir. 2/12/03), 846 So.2d 786, 789, writ denied, 03-562
(La.5/30/03), 845 So.2d 1061, a panel of this court observed that:

While a comparison of sentences imposed for similar
crimes may provide some insight, “it is well settled that
sentences must be individualized to the particular
offender and to the particular offense committed.” State
v. Batiste, 594 So.2d 1 (La.App. 1 Cir.1991).
Additionally, it is within the purview of the trial court to
particularize the sentence because the trial judge

5

“remains in the best position to assess the aggravating
and mitigating circumstances presented by each case.”
State v. Cook, 95-2784 (La. 5/31/96); 674 So.2d 957,
958[, cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1043, 117 S.Ct. 615 (1996)].

State v. Soileau, 13-770, 13-771, pp. 4-5 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/12/14), 153 So.3d 1002,

1005-06, writ denied, 14-452 (La. 9/26/14), 149 So.3d 261.

Furthermore, in State v. Baker, 06-1218 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/18/07), 956 So.2d

83, writ denied, 07-320 (La. 11/9/07), 967 So.2d 496, writ denied, 07-1116 (La.

12/7/07), 969 So.2d 626, this court adopted the fifth circuit’s three factor test from

State v. Lisotta, 98-648 (La.App. 5 Cir. 12/16/98), 726 So.2d 57, writ denied, 99-

433 (La. 6/25/99), 745 So.2d 1183, which established that an appellate court

should consider the nature of the crime, the nature and background of the offender,

and the sentences imposed for similar crimes. Because Defendant’s motion to

reconsider lacked specificity and merely sought reconsideration of his sentences,

we will review Defendant’s claim as a bare excessiveness claim under Baker.

Looking first to the nature of the crime, possession of a firearm by a

convicted felon requires the defendant to have been convicted of one of a list of

felony offenses, which includes crimes of violence, sex offenses, or a felony drug

offense, amongst others. In Defendant’s case, the predicate offense was a felony

drug offense, namely distribution of synthetic marijuana. The sentencing range

under La.R.S. 14:95.1 requires a minimum of five years at hard labor up to twenty

years, plus a fine between $1,000 and $5,000. Although not a crime of violence,

possession of a firearm by a convicted felon by definition cannot be committed by

a first offender. Defendant’s twelve-year sentence is a mid-range sentence

representing sixty percent of the maximum penalty. Additionally, his $1,000 fine

represents the statutory minimum.

6

With regard to the nature and background of the offender, Defendant

admitted during the February 5, 2019 hearing on his motion to reconsider sentence

that he is “a fourth time offender.” Prior to sentencing, the trial court noted that

Defendant was thirty-five, had graduated high school, and had prior convictions,

dating back to 2001, for felony theft, three counts of possession of contraband in a

penal facility, and distribution of synthetic marijuana. Although not listed by the

trial court, the PSI further reveals a conviction of driving while intoxicated with

child endangerment. The trial court noted that Defendant had been granted

probation on the felony theft conviction, but that said probation was revoked. The

trial court also noted that Defendant had an additional twenty-one arrests which did

not result in convictions. The PSI indicates that those arrests included driving

while intoxicated, without a license, and reckless operation of a motor vehicle.

The court further acknowledged that Defendant’s mother had passed away, he did

not speak to his father, and his younger sister was “a regular guest of [the] court.”

The trial court noted Defendant was actively raising four children and that

Defendant reported working in the oilfield his entire life. Acknowledging

Defendant’s reported prior use of marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, and

alcohol, the court stated:

I am not sure I buy that you have completely quit using substances,
but I hope it is accurate and I hope it is correct for a reason other than
the fact that you are incarcerated, because all of your convictions
seem to center around a substance conviction or substance situation.

In recognition of Defendant’s substance abuse issues, the trial court

recommended that Defendant “be housed in a facility that provides addictive

disorder treatment and counseling.”

7

The final factor in the Baker analysis is a comparison of the sentences

imposed for similar crimes. In State v. Breaux, 598 So.2d 719 (La.App. 4 Cir.),

writ denied, 609 So.2d 254 (La.1992), the fourth circuit upheld a ten-year sentence,

then the maximum allowed by law, for a defendant who had four prior felony

convictions. In State v. James, 13-666 (La.App. 5 Cir. 2/12/14), 136 So.3d 113,

the fifth circuit upheld a fifteen-year sentence, then the maximum, based upon

defendant’s prior drug convictions and involvement. Additionally, the second

circuit upheld an eighteen-year second habitual offender sentence for a thirty-seven

year-old defendant with a difficult childhood and substance abuse issues with six

prior felony convictions in State v. Jamerson, 43,822 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1/14/09), 1

So.3d 827.

Defendant admitted that he is a fourth felony offender who was on parole at

the time of his arrest. In light of the above case law, we find the trial court did not

abuse its discretion in sentencing Defendant to a mid-range sentence of twelve

years at hard labor without benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence

and a minimum fine of $1,000. Therefore, we find that the Defendant’s sentence

was not excessive considering the record before us on appeal.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, Defendant’s conviction and sentence are

affirmed.

AFFIRMED.

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