State of Louisiana v. Gregory P. Dauzat

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

23-16

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

GREGORY P. DAUZAT

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APPEAL FROM THE
TWELFTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF AVOYELLES, NO. 2020CR223880
HONORABLE WILLIAM BENNETT, DISTRICT JUDGE

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SHANNON J. GREMILLION
JUDGE

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Court composed of Shannon J. Gremillion, Jonathan W. Perry, and Gary J. Ortego,
Judges.

SENTENCE VACATED IN PART, AFFIRMED IN PART.

Paula Corley Marx
Louisiana Appellate Project
P.O. Box 82389
Lafayette, LA 70598-2389
(337) 991-9757
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Gregory P. Dauzat

Hon. Charles A. Riddle, III
Twelfth Judicial District Attorney
P.O. Box 1200
Marksville, LA 71351
(318) 253-6587
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana

GREMILLION, Judge.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL POSTURE

Defendant, Gregory P. Dauzat, waived his right to trial by jury on one count

of Possession of a Schedule II Controlled Dangerous Substance, less than two grams

of methamphetamine, a violation of La.R.S. 40:967(C) and miscellaneous charges

not material to this appeal. The trial court found Defendant guilty as charged. On

June 28, 2022, Defendant was sentenced to serve eighteen months at hard labor, with

credit for time he had already served. That sentence was suspended, and Defendant

was placed on eighteen months’ probation. The court imposed conditions of

probation, including paying the following:

1) $71.00 per month probation supervision fee;

2) $750.00 fine;

3) $200.00 costs of prosecution;

4) $200.00 to the indigent defender fund;

5) $435.00 in court costs;

6) $50.00 to the DARE program; and

7) $50.00 victim reparation fee.

In default of payment within six months, the trial court ordered that Defendant serve

six months in the Avoyelles Parish Jail. No hearing was held to establish

Defendant’s ability to pay the fines and fees, and the trial court gave no reasons for

not holding the hearing.

Defendant appeals the sentence and asserts the following assignments of error:

I. The trial court erred in ordering Gregory Dauzat, an
indigent offender, to pay fines and costs totaling $1685 in
the absence of a hearing and finding by the court of
Dauzat’s ability to pay.

II. While the court imposed a suspended sentence of 18
months in this case, Gregory Dauzat is facing the

maximum sentence of two years if he fails to pay the fees,
fines and costs discussed in Assignment of Error No. 1.
Such a grave maximum is unconstitutionally excessive in
this case involving possession of a very small amount of
methamphetamine by an offender with a minimal criminal
history.

III. The trial court failed to provide an adequate factual basis
for the sentence imposed. The record reflects review of
Mr. Dauzat’s limited criminal history but not his personal
history, thus does not reflect imposition of a sentence
individualized to this offender and offense as required by
La.C.Cr.P. Art. 894.1.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Pursuant to La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, we review all records for errors patent

on the face of the record. We find one error patent.

Defendant was ordered to pay a fine and various fees. In default thereof,

Defendant was ordered to serve six months in the Avoyelles Parish Jail.

The imposition of imprisonment for default of paying fines and fees is

governed by La.Code Crim.P. art. 884, which, at the time of Defendant’s sentencing,

read:

If a sentence imposed includes a fine or costs, the sentence shall
provide that in default of payment thereof the defendant shall be
imprisoned for a specified period not to exceed one year; provided that
where the maximum prison sentence which may be imposed as a
penalty for a misdemeanor is six months or less, the total period of
imprisonment upon conviction of the offense, including imprisonment
for default in payment of a fine or costs, shall not exceed six months
for that offense.

In State v. Morales, 17-131 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/17/17), 221 So.3d 257, we noted

that a defendant is presumed indigent when represented by appointed counsel under

State v. Holloway, 10-74 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/6/10), 47 So.3d 56. A court is not

allowed to incarcerate an indigent person based on his inability to pay a fine levied

as part of his sentence. Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 103 S.Ct. 2064 (1983).

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Accordingly, we vacated a twelve-month sentence imposed in default of payment in

the Morales case.

Defendant has been represented throughout these proceedings by appointed

counsel. He is therefore presumed to be indigent. The six-month sentence in default

of payment is inappropriate, and that portion of Defendant’s sentence is vacated.

We now turn to Defendant’s first assignment of error. Defendant argues that

the failure to hold a hearing before imposing financial obligations is fatal to his

sentence; the State counters that the error is harmless.

Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 875.1(A) was enacted by 2017

La. Acts No. 260, with an effective date of August 1, 2018. The article articulates

the legislature’s purpose in imposing financial obligations on an offender:

A. The purpose of imposing financial obligations on an
offender who is convicted of a criminal offense is to hold the
offender accountable for his action, to compensate victims for any
actual pecuniary loss or costs incurred in connection with a criminal
prosecution, to defray the cost of court operations, and to provide
services to offenders and victims. These financial obligations
should not create a barrier to the offender's successful rehabilitation
and reentry into society. Financial obligations in excess of what an
offender can reasonably pay undermine the primary purpose of the
justice system which is to deter criminal behavior and encourage
compliance with the law. Financial obligations that cause undue
hardship on the offender should be waived, modified, or forgiven.
Creating a payment plan for the offender that is based upon the
ability to pay, results in financial obligations that the offender is able
to comply with and often results in more money collected.
Offenders who are consistent in their payments and in good faith try
to fulfill their financial obligations should be rewarded for their
efforts.

Article 875.1(B) defines “financial obligations”:

B. For purposes of this Article, “financial obligations” shall
include any fine, fee, cost, restitution, or other monetary obligation
authorized by this Code or by the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950
and imposed upon the defendant as part of a criminal sentence,
incarceration, or as a condition of the defendant's release on probation
or parole.

At the time of Defendant’s sentencing, the article further provided:
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C.(1) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, prior
to ordering the imposition or enforcement of any financial obligations
as defined by this Article, the court shall determine whether payment
in full of the aggregate amount of all the financial obligations to be
imposed upon the defendant would cause substantial financial hardship
to the defendant or his dependents.

Under Subsection (C)(2), a defendant could not waive the requirement of this

determination.

2018 La. Acts No. 137 changed the effective date of Article 875.1 to August

1, 2019. Later, the effective date was extended by 2019 La. Acts No. 253, § 3, to

August 1, 2021. In 2020 House Concurrent Resolution 2, the legislature declared

that La.Code Crim.P. art. 875.1 became effective on August 1, 2019:

[I]n the 2019 Regular Session of the Legislature, Act No. 253 further
delayed the effective date of Act No. 260 of the 2017 Regular Session
of the Legislature to August 1, 2021, but inadvertently did not amend
the effective date of the changes made to Code of Criminal Procedure
Article 875.1 by Act No. 668 of the 2018 Regular Session of the
Legislature, and those changes went into effect on August 1, 2019[.]

The legislature went on to suspend the provisions of La.Code Crim.P. art. 875.1,

with the suspension lasting from May 31, 2020, through August 1, 2021.1

In 2021 La. Acts No. 313, the legislature enacted La.Code Crim.P. art. 875.2

to replace La.Code Crim.P. art. 875.1, with an effective date of August 1, 2022, and

further stated:

Section 2. Code of Criminal Procedure Article 875.1 is hereby
repealed in its entirety.

Section 3. (A) Notwithstanding Section 3 of Act No. 260 of the
2017 Regular Session or any other Act to the contrary, the provisions
of Act No. 260 of the 2017 Regular Session shall become effective on
August 1, 2022, except as provided by Subsection B of this Section.

(B) It is the intent of the legislature that the provisions of Act No.
260 of the 2017 Regular Session that enacted Code of Criminal
Procedure Article 875.1 and that amended and reenacted Code of

1
A concurrent resolution suspending a law has the force and effect of law. La.Const. art.
3, § 20; See also Louisiana Chem. Ass’n v. State through Louisiana Dep’t of Revenue, 16-501
(La.App. 1 Cir. 4/7/17), 217 So.3d 455, writ denied, 17-761 (La. 9/22/17), 227 So.3d 826.
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Criminal Procedure Article 885.1(A), (C), and (D) and 894.4 shall
never become effective.

....

Section 5. (A) The provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Act shall
become effective on August 1, 2022.

Accordingly, at the time Defendant was sentenced, La.Code Crim.P. art. 875.1 was

not in effect. This assignment of error lacks merit.

Defendant’s second assignment of error contends that he has been subjected

to the maximum penalty for his offense, when one considers the six-month-default

portion. Our vacation of that six-month portion renders this assignment of error

moot.

Defendant contemporaneously objected to his sentence but filed no motion to

reconsider. A defendant who fails to move for reconsideration of his sentence or to

orally urge specific grounds for reconsideration is restricted to appellate review of

his sentence for bare constitutional excess. La.Code Crim.P. art. 881.1; State v.

Mims, 619 So.2d 1059 (La.1993).

The trial court enjoys great discretion in imposing a sentence within the

statutory range. State v. Etienne, 99-192 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99); 746 So.2d 124,

writ denied, 00-0165 (La. 6/30/00); 765 So.2d 1067. An excessive sentence is one

that is “so grossly disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock our sense

of justice or that the sentence makes no measurable contribution to acceptable penal

goals and is, therefore, nothing more than a needless imposition of pain and

suffering.” State v. Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, p. 12 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/31/01), 779

So.2d 1035, 1042, writ denied, 01-838 (La. 2/1/02), 808 So.2d 331.

In State v. Telsee, 425 So.2d 1251 (La.1983), this court outlined several
factors which are useful in determining whether a sentence, by its
excessive length or severity, is grossly out of proportion to the
underlying crime. This analysis is cumulative and focuses on a
combination of these factors. These include the nature of the offense
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and the offender, a comparison of the punishment with sentences
imposed for similar crimes, the legislative purpose behind the
punishment, a comparison of the punishment with sentences imposed
for similar crimes, and a comparison of the punishment provided for
this crime in other jurisdictions.
State v. Smith, 99-606, pp. 17-18 (La. 7/6/00), 766 So.2d 501, 514-15 (citations

omitted).

Defendant was convicted of possession of less than two grams of

methamphetamine, which is a Schedule II drug. La.R.S. 40:964 Schedule II(C)(2);

La.R.S. 40:967. He has a prior felony and misdemeanor convictions and

successfully completed probation for each offense. Despite being classified as a

second offender, Defendant received a probated sentence.

Cases involving sentences for possession of less than two grams of

methamphetamine are not legion, because the Legislature amended La.R.S.

40:967(C) by 2017 La. Acts No. 281, which provided for grade of offense by weight

and changed the range of sentences. However, in State v. Dunham, 53,922 (La.App.

2 Cir. 6/30/21), 321 So.3d 525, the defendant was sentenced to two years at hard

labor for possession of less than two grams of methamphetamine, which he

committed while on probation. The defendant’s criminal history included a

misdemeanor conviction for violation of a protective order, an arrest for domestic

abuse battery (which was pleaded down to disturbance of the peace), and a

conviction for aggravated assault with a firearm. The second circuit found the two-

year sentence was not excessive.

Defendant was sentenced to eighteen months, but that sentence was

suspended. If he refrains from criminal activity, he will serve no time. We find no

abuse of the trial court’s discretion in imposing this sentence.

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DECREE

That portion of Defendant’s sentence ordering that he serve six months in

default of paying fines, fees, and court costs is vacated. In all other respects,

Defendant’s sentence is affirmed.

SENTENCE VACATED IN PART, AFFIRMED IN PART.

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