State of Louisiana v. Jaleel J. Tousant

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

24-175

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

JALEEL J. TOUSANT

**********

APPEAL FROM THE
TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF NATCHITOCHES, NUMBER C29723
HONORABLE DESIREE D. DYESS, DISTRICT JUDGE

**********

SHARON DARVILLE WILSON
JUDGE

**********

Court composed of Jonathan W. Perry, Sharon Darville Wilson, and Clayton Davis,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Billy Joe Harrington, District Attorney
Clifford R. Strider, III, Assistant District Attorney
R. Bray Williams, Assistant District Attorney
Office of the District Attorney
Natchitoches Parish
200 Church Street
Natchitoches, Louisiana 71457
(318) 357-2214
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana

Chad M. Ikerd
IKERD LAW FIRM, LLC
Louisiana Appellate Project
600 Jefferson Street, Suite 903
Lafayette, Louisiana 70501
(337) 366-8994
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Jaleel J. Tousant

WILSON, Judge.

Defendant, Jaleel J. Tousant,1 was convicted of principal to armed robbery, a

violation of La.R.S. 14:24 and 14:64. He was sentenced to seventy-five years at

hard labor without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence.

Defendant appeals both his conviction and sentence. For the following reasons, we

affirm Defendant’s conviction and sentence.

I.

ISSUES

Defendant alleges two assignments of error regarding his conviction and

sentence:

1. The State failed to sufficiently prove that [Defendant] was guilty of
principal to armed robbery with a dangerous weapon.

2. Seventy-five [] years at hard labor without benefit of parole,
probation, or suspension of sentence is constitutionally excessive for
principal to armed robbery with a dangerous weapon.

II.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On the evening of January 27, 2020, officers from the Natchitoches Police

Department responded to a residence where a shooting had occurred. Upon entering

the residence, officers found three victims, each with multiple gunshot wounds.

Larry Batiste (Batiste) was deceased. Brianna Robinson (Robinson) was on the

couch, screaming in pain. Hiram Phillips, Jr. (Phillips) was on the floor. Phillips

later died from his injuries. Robinson’s dog also died from gunshot wounds.

Phillips’ young son was present in the residence but was physically unharmed.

1
Although Defendant’s name is spelled other ways at various points in the record,
“Tousant” is the spelling that appears on the amended indictment and, accordingly, is the spelling
used in this opinion.

Robinson told Detective Rudolph Glass, III (Detective Glass), that “BDB and

two of his friends” were the assailants. Detective Glass testified that “BDB” is Jesse

Petite, Jr. (Petite). Police later identified the other two persons as Daerion Latchie

(Latchie) and Defendant.

On May 18, 2023, in an amended indictment,2 the State charged Defendant as

a principal to armed robbery, a violation of La.R.S 14:24 and La.R.S. 14:64. On

May 26, 2023, following a four-day trial, the jury found Defendant guilty as charged.

On July 19, 2023, the trial court sentenced Defendant to seventy-five years at hard

labor, without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. Defendant

now appeals his conviction and sentence.

III.

ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, this court reviewed the instant

appeal for errors patent on the face of the record and found none.

IV.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Sufficiency of the Evidence

In his first assignment of error, Defendant argues that the evidence adduced

against him at trial was insufficient to support his conviction. The analysis for such

claims is well-settled:

When the issue of sufficiency of evidence is raised on appeal, the
critical inquiry of the reviewing court is whether, after viewing the
evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier
of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven
beyond a reasonable doubt. It is the role of the fact finder to weigh the
respective credibility of the witnesses, and therefore, the appellate court
should not second guess the credibility determinations of the triers of
fact beyond the sufficiency evaluations under the Jackson [v. Virginia,
443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781 (1979)] standard of review. In order for
2
Previous indictments charged Defendant as a principal to first degree murder and
attempted first degree murder.
2

this Court to affirm a conviction, however, the record must reflect that
the state has satisfied its burden of proving the elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.

State v. Kennerson, 96-1518, p. 5 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/7/97), 695 So.2d 1367, 1371

(citations omitted).

The jury convicted Defendant as a principal to armed robbery. “Principal” is

defined by La.R.S. 14:24:

All persons concerned in the commission of a crime, whether
present or absent, and whether they directly commit the act constituting
the offense, aid and abet in its commission, or directly or indirectly
counsel or procure another to commit the crime, are principals.

Armed robbery is defined by La.R.S. 14:64(A):

Armed robbery is the taking of anything of value belonging to
another from the person of another or that is in the immediate control
of another, by use of force or intimidation, while armed with a
dangerous weapon.

Thus, the State had to adduce sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable

doubt that Defendant aided or abetted the armed, forceful taking of a thing of value.

We find that the evidence and testimony show that Defendant intentionally aided his

two accomplices in committing armed robbery.

Trooper John Wynn (Trooper Wynn) of the Louisiana State Police testified

that on January 27, 2020, he was a detective with the Natchitoches Police

Department and participated in this investigation. Trooper Wynn took pictures of

the scene and gathered other evidence. He went to railroad tracks behind the subject

house and found a small amount of loose bills. In connection with a search warrant,

Trooper Wynn participated in the search of another residence and located a pink

camouflage pistol.

Sergeant William Connell (Sergeant Connell) testified that he was the lead

detective in this case. When he arrived on the scene, other officers were already

there, and two of the victims had already been taken to the hospital. In the course of
3

the investigation, police identified two of the assailants (Petite and Latchie) by name

but did not have the name of the third robber. Later, Sergeant Connell interviewed

Robinson, who provided Defendant’s Facebook profile to police. It was under a

nickname, but Trooper Trent Parrott (Trooper Parrott) recognized Defendant.

Latchie gave police Defendant’s name.

Sergeant Connell testified that when police arrested Defendant at his

apartment, they also conducted a search and found the pink camouflage pistol

mentioned by Trooper Wynn. During the investigation, Robinson, Latchie, and

Defendant each advised police that the pink camouflage pistol belonged to Phillips.

Sergeant Connell testified that various phones found at the scene, including one

found outside a window, were either too damaged to be of use or did not provide

any data pertinent to the case.

Michael Stelly (Stelly), the satellite laboratory director of the Alexandria

branch of the North Louisiana Crime Laboratory, was accepted by the trial court as

an expert in firearm identification, ballistics, and tool marks. Stelly’s analysis

indicated that some of the bullets fired at the scene were .38 caliber, .357 Magnum,

and possibly 9 mm. He explained that these three types of bullets all have the same

diameter but have different weights. There were .380 caliber cartridges recovered

at the scene. Stelly also noted that .380 caliber bullets can be fired from a 9 mm

weapon. Stelly further testified that the .380 casings were from a semi-automatic

weapon, while the .38 and .357 bullets are normally fired from revolvers. Stelly

testified that at least three weapons were fired at the scene. He made this

determination based upon markings found on various rounds recovered from the

scene.

4

On cross-examination, Stelly noted that one handgun was submitted to the lab

for testing. He testified that the casings and bullets found at the scene were not fired

from said gun, which the record shows was a pink camouflage pistol.

Trooper Parrott of the Louisiana State Police testified that on the date of the

crime, he was a detective with the Natchitoches Police Department. During the

investigation, he took a recorded statement from Defendant. The State played a

video recording of said statement for the jury. 3 According to this statement,

Defendant’s initial role in the robbery was to grab the money, which his accomplices

thought was $20,000.00. Later, his role was to watch the front door of the residence

to prevent anybody from leaving. The back door was already nailed shut. The

robbery was supposed to be a “jack,” i.e., a robbery of illicit items from a drug dealer,

who would be hesitant to report the taking to police.

According to Defendant’s statement, Petite went in first because he had some

prior association with Phillips. Petite planned to signal Latchie with a phone call.

Upon receiving the signal, Latchie and Defendant entered the home. The shooting

started within a couple of minutes of Latchie and Defendant’s entry. As the shots

continued, Defendant grabbed the pink camouflage pistol and headed for the back

of the house. Defendant left through a back window, ran down the nearby railroad

tracks, and hid the stolen gun at his sister’s house.

Defendant stated that his intention was to commit a robbery, not a murder.

On cross-examination, Trooper Parrott acknowledged that he found Defendant to be

generally credible. On re-direct, Trooper Parrott noted that Defendant stated that

two guns were used in the robbery, but the physical evidence showed that three guns

were used.

3
The transcript was excluded by the trial court due to multiple inaccuracies contained
therein.

5

The surviving victim, Robinson, also testified at trial. She was in a romantic

relationship with Phillips and lived with him. She testified that Petite and Phillips

were best friends. On the day of the offense, Robinson, Phillips, and Phillips’ young

son ran errands. Petite accompanied them. When they finished their errands, they

went to Phillips’ residence. Batiste was there. Phillips and Petite talked about music

for a few minutes. Petite then let Defendant and Latchie into the house. Robinson

thought that Defendant and Latchie acted strangely, as neither of them spoke.

According to Robinson, Latchie produced a gun and shot Batiste, then aimed at

Phillips. The latter threw himself over Robinson, who “balled up” with her dog in

her lap. She was hit by gunfire, and she kept her eyes closed as the men searched

the house. Phillips’ son was in his room as these events unfolded.

Under cross-examination, Robinson stated that she saw Defendant with a

small black gun but did not see him shoot it. She testified that other than the pink

camouflage pistol, she did not know of anything taken from the house.

Following Robinson’s testimony, the State rested. Detective Connell, who

took two statements from Robinson during the investigation of the crime at issue,

was the first witness called for the defense. One statement was audio recorded, and

one was video recorded. In the video statement, Robinson told Detective Connell

that she did not know whether Defendant had a gun because she was balled up.

Detective Connell acknowledged that crime scene photos showed that a pellet gun,

possibly two, and a scope for a firearm were found at the scene. On re-direct,

Detective Connell reiterated that Defendant admitted to taking the pink camouflage

pistol from the residence. In one of the interviews, Robinson told Detective Connell

that the only person she actually saw shooting was Latchie. In one of her statements,

Robinson said that Defendant had a gun and was blocking the door. Robinson told

6

Detective Connell that the robbers were searching for money and the pink

camouflage pistol. Further, she stated that they took money from the residence.

Defendant’s own statement affirmed that he and his accomplices planned to

enter the Phillips residence with the intention of taking cash that the accomplices

thought Phillips kept there. Petite, the accomplice acquainted with Phillips, went in

first. He called Defendant and Latchie and let them in when they arrived. Defendant

took a position near the door. Latchie, and possibly Petite, opened fire on the

victims. Defendant took a pink camouflage pistol from the residence and fled.

In his statement to investigators, Defendant acknowledged that he concealed

the pink camouflage pistol and that he wanted it. On appeal, he argues that he

changed his mind about the robbery when he entered the home and saw Batiste, a

man he knew. He acknowledges that he picked up the pistol before fleeing the

house; however, he contends that his action was instinctive, as the sudden outbreak

of gunfire “did not give him much time to think or react.” He also claims that as he

fled the scene and went to his sister’s house, he did not realize he had the pink

camouflage pistol. Under the Jackson/Kennerson standard, we find that the jury

could have rationally concluded that Defendant intended to go through with a taking

of some sort, and thus go through with the robbery. The pink camouflage pistol was

a thing of value. Pursuant to his own admission to police, Defendant grabbed it, fled

the scene with it, and stored it in a shoebox. His statements to investigators showed

that he wanted possession of it. The jury could have logically concluded that

Defendant’s action of taking the pink camouflage pistol was not merely instinctive

and that as he fled, he was fully aware that he was in possession of it. Also,

Defendant’s accomplices exerted force and intimidation on the victims.

In summary, this court finds that the State established the elements of the

crime beyond a reasonable doubt. The evidence supports the conviction, even if
7

Defendant is viewed as having taken a relatively minor role in the crime. Further,

evidence showed that Defendant took an active role in the robbery. Robinson

testified that she saw Defendant in possession of a gun, although she did not see him

fire it. Stelly, the firearms expert, testified that three weapons were fired at the

scene.4

We find that this assignment of error lacks merit. Thus, Defendant’s

conviction is affirmed.

Excessive Sentence Claim

In his second assignment of error, Defendant argues that his sentence is

constitutionally excessive. Defendant acknowledges that he filed no motion to

reconsider his sentence. Such a motion is required to preserve sentencing claims for

appellate review. La.Code Crim.P. art. 881.1. However, Defendant did object to

the sentence when it was pronounced.

In State v. Tucker, 22-735, pp. 9–11 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/31/23), 368 So.3d 187,

194–95, this court noted:

Defense counsel made a general objection. However, no motion for
reconsideration was filed.

In State v. Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, pp. 10-11 (La.App. 3 Cir.
1/31/01), 779 So.2d 1035, 1041–42, writ denied, 01-838 (La. 2/1/02),
808 So.2d 331, this court addressed review of a sentence following a
general objection and the failure to file a motion for reconsideration:

The failure to timely file a written motion to
reconsider sentence or to orally urge any specific ground
for reconsideration at sentencing precludes a defendant
from objecting to the sentence imposed. State v. Moore,
98-1423 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/3/99), 734 So.2d 706. See also
State v. King, 95-344 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/4/95), 663 So.2d
307, writ denied, 95-2664 (La. 3/15/96), 669 So.2d 433.
La.Code Crim.P. art. 881.1 (emphasis added) serves as the
basis for this restriction and provides, in pertinent part:
4
Defendant argued that, in a recorded statement, Robinson stated that one of the male
victims “shot back” at the robbers. However, the State argued that Robinson stated a male victim
“fell back.” A review of the recorded statement establishes that the State’s assertion is correct.

8

A. (1) Within thirty days following the
imposition of sentence or within such longer
period as the trial court may set at sentence,
the state or the defendant may make or file a
motion to reconsider sentence.

(2) The motion shall be oral at the time
of sentencing or in writing thereafter and
shall set forth the specific grounds on which
the motion is based.

....

D. Failure to make or file a motion to
reconsider sentence or to include a specific
ground upon which a motion to reconsider
sentence may be based, including a claim of
excessiveness, shall preclude the state or the
defendant from raising an objection to the
sentence or from urging any ground not
raised in the motion on appeal or review.

In cases where courts have held that an oral
objection alone is sufficient to preserve the issue for
review, the oral objection contained the basis for the
motion, such as excessiveness of sentence. See State v.
Caldwell, 620 So.2d 859 (La.1993); State v. Trahan, 98-
1442 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/1/99), 752 So.2d 921. Therefore,
since Defendant’s oral motion did not set forth any
specific grounds to support his claim of excessive
sentences, we are relegated to a bare claim of
excessiveness. State v. Mims, 619 So.2d 1059 (La.1993),
after remand, 626 So.2d 856 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1993), writ
denied, 93-2933 (La. 2/11/94), 634 So.2d 373.

Because defense counsel entered a general objection, this court is
relegated to a bare claim of excessiveness. Thus, Defendant waived
review of his claim that the trial court erred in giving any weight to an
unadjudicated and dismissed charge of attempted carjacking as
evidence in support of a maximum sentence.

[Louisiana Constitution Article] I, § 20 guarantees
that, “[n]o law shall subject any person to cruel or unusual
punishment.” To constitute an excessive sentence, the
reviewing court must find the penalty so grossly
disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock
our sense of justice or that the sentence makes no
measurable contribution to acceptable penal goals and is,
therefore, nothing more than a needless imposition of pain
and suffering. State v. Campbell, 404 So.2d 1205
(La.1981). The trial court has wide discretion in the
9

imposition of sentence within the statutory limits and such
sentence shall not be set aside as excessive absent a
manifest abuse of discretion. State v. Etienne, 99-192
(La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99), 746 So.2d 124, writ denied, 00-
0165 (La. 6/30/00), 765 So.2d 1067. The relevant
question is whether the trial court abused its broad
sentencing discretion, not whether another sentence might
have been more appropriate. State v. Cook, 95-2784 (La.
5/31/96), 674 So.2d 957, cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1043, 117
S.Ct. 615, 136 L.Ed.2d 539 (1996).

Barling, at 1042–43 (alteration in original).

In deciding whether a sentence is shocking or makes
no meaningful contribution to acceptable penal goals, an
appellate court may consider several factors including the
nature of the offense, the circumstances of the offender,
the legislative purpose behind the punishment and a
comparison of the sentences imposed for similar crimes.
State v. Smith, 99-0606 (La. 7/6/00), 766 So.2d 501.

State v. Smith, 02-719, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/12/03), 846 So.2d 786,
789, writ denied, 03-562 (La. 5/30/03), 845 So.2d 1061.

Thus, this assignment of error is reviewed as a bare claim of excessiveness.

Pursuant to La.R.S. 14:64(B), the sentencing range for armed robbery is ten

to ninety-nine years. Defendant received a seventy-five-year sentence. Assessing

this sentence under Tucker, 368 So.3d 187, and the jurisprudence cited therein, we

note that the trial court considered the nature of the offense and the circumstances

of the offender:

THE COURT: . . . I have reviewed the record. Sentencing
memorand[a] have been filed by Defense Counsel and by the State.
Victim Impact Statements have been filed by family members of the
two victims murdered during the armed robbery. I’ve also heard the
testimony given today, including the statement made by [Defendant]. I
have also reviewed the pre-sentence investigative report thoroughly for
the purposes of the sentence and provided the report to Defense Counsel
and State for review. . . .

....

I will tender the pre-sentence investigative report to the Deputy
Clerk for filing into this record under seal. In determining a sentence[,]
the Court is required [sic], reviewed, and considered the sentencing
guidelines and the sentencing factor[s] set forth in Louisiana Code of
10

Criminal Procedure Article 894.1. The guidelines mandate that when
a defendant has been convicted of a felony, the Court should impose
the sentence of imprisonment. Here, without doubt, this case calls for
a sentence of imprisonment, and that it be significant. . . . This Court
has taken notice and has weighed in its decision today, the defendant’s
social history and his prior criminal record. This Court has also taken
notice that a dangerous weapon were [sic] used in the crime, firearms,
as a crime of violence, and that the offense resulted in the shooting
deaths of Hiram Phillips, Jr., Mr. Larry Batiste, both of whom leave
families behind. Mr. [Tousant], whatever sentence I give you today, it
does not ignore the gravely serious nature of your crime. Your active
participation in the armed robbery that resulted in the death of two
victims and the disfigurement and traumatization of a surviving victim.
According to the evidence adduced at trial, and the findings of the jury,
on January 27, 2020, you along with two others conspired to use your
own words . . . to jack or steal money from Hiram Phillips, Jr. . . . You
entered the residence while armed with a handgun, and placed yourself
next to the front door. . . . Latchie started the armed robbery attempt
by banishing [sic] his gun. While Larry Batiste begged for his life to
be spared[,] Latchie shot him dead. Latchie then pointed his gun at
Hiram Phillips[,] Jr.[,] and Brianna Robinson and began shooting,
hitting them both. The undisputed evidence presented at trial showed
that three different handguns were fired at three victims that night, and
only one survived the night[,] Ms. Robinson, who was left permanently
injured and disfigured with wounds in her face and arms. Moreover,
she was left not only with physical trauma of her gunshot wounds, but
the psychological trauma of suffering and surviving imminent death
and to have her boyfriend die lying on top of her . . . as he tried to[]
shield her from the spray of bullets with a dead puppy in her arms. His
efforts likely saved her life. Further evidence adduced at trial showed
that you stole Mr. Phillips[’] pink camouflaged 9mm handgun from the
house before you fled through the windows of the back bedroom. As
if it were a trophy of sorts from your efforts that night. [sic] Leaving
the carnage behind, you fled the home to . . . your mother’s house, and
then your sister’s house here in town to hide the gun before fleeing the
jurisdiction to another parish. On February 22, you were apprehended
by the Natchitoches Police Department SWAT Team. And after being
Mirandized, confessed to your role in the conspiracy to rob Hiram
Phillips, Jr. and admitted he [sic] stole the pink camouflage handgun
from the . . . murder scene. This Court, as any sentencing Court, is
charged with the responsibility of imposing [a] sentence which is
significant, but not greater than necessary to reflect the seriousness of
[the] offense charged, to promote respect for the law, to provide just
punishment, to afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct, and to
protect the public from further crimes committed by you. . . . Although
this Court must balance notions of compassion, justice, and public
safety in criminal sentencing, it must also do so against the backdrop of
the facts of this case. I particularly take note of the serious nature of
the crime, the resulting murders of two victims, the resulting lifelong
physical and mental conditions of the lone survivor of this armed
robbery, the pre-meditated and calculated nature of the crime, and by
11

no means forgotten [sic] the trauma [suffered] by [Phillips’ son] . . .
then 11 years old, who was left in the house alone to discover by himself
the bloody carnage in his own living room, and to open the door for
arriving police and first responders to display this bloody tableau. . . .
No sentence I give you today can compensate him for that, nor can any
sentence I give you today compensate Ms. . . . Robinson for the terror
she felt of the [impending] . . . death that she miraculously abated [sic],
or compensate the friends and families for the lost lives of Mr. Batiste
and Mr. Phillips. I have considered your considerable criminal history.
You have three . . . felony convictions to which you have been
sentenced an aggregate of 14 years. I also note that you’re only 25
years old. It is also noted that two of those prior convictions are crimes
of violence. Thus the instant conviction raises your total to three
convictions of crimes of violence. Lastly, this Court notes the
following aggravating sentencing considerations in accordance with the
Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 894.1. [Defendant] was
offered and received something of value for the commission of these
offense[s]. He did it to share the spoils of the robbery perceived by the
offenders at the time to be at or about $20,000. [Defendant] knowingly
created a risk of death or great bodily harm to more than one person by
bringing a firearm and willingly attending a robbery knowing his co-
conspirators were also armed. Actual violence was used in the
commission of the offense by way of the firearms. The offense results
in a significant permanent injury and significant economic loss to the
victims and their families. [Defendant] used a dangerous weapon in the
commission of the offense[,] and he foreseeably endangered human life
by discharging a firearm during the commission of the offense which
satisfies the element of armed robbery statute, the use of force or
intimidation. Of the mitigating factors by the Court to consider
sentencing that are outlined in Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure
Article 894.1, 2 through 31 (sic). The Court finds none applicable in
this case. Not to be overlooked, the Court has also considered the
sentencing memo submitted by you and your counsel. You state that
you arrived at the scene, you realized that a close family friend was
there, and that you no longer wished to participate in the robbery. This
Court finds this hard to believe as the fact[s] of the case, believe [sic]
your intentions, you were standing in front of the only functional
entrance and exit to the house. Of all seven people present[,] you had
the greatest and soonest opportunity to leave. Further, the evidence
showed that there were three guns, three robbers, three victims. There
was no evidence that the victims responded with gunfire. Therefore,
each of you brought a gun to the home. The gun you brought to the
home was fired, and the Court believes fired by you. You further state
that you have three sons, and you’re willing to participate in their lives
and guide them in a way that will help them and prevent them from
making the same decisions you have made. If they were that important
to you, it baffles this Court that you would risk giving up, seeing them
grow up by participating in an armed robbery, or most of you [sic]
would somehow look up to a father who is a career felon at the age of
25. Your employment history is spotty at best, but it does not bespeak
a willingness to support your children. Your pleas of lost fatherhood
12

fall on deaf ears, Mr. [Tousant]. You state that you have a close
relationship with your mother and your siblings, and I’m very happy to
hear that. For however a difficult and tragical day this is, at least you
have the good fortune of having close family to support you. . . . We
all make mistakes[,] and you’ve made a terrible one by participating in
an armed robbery. You will need the family support you talk about
now more than ever. . . . I hope with time and with treatment and
reflection, still being a young man, there’s time to learn and to
hopefully to live a productive life for yourself, for your family, for your
friends, and for society. . . .

It is clear that the offense was serious and that Defendant was a repeat offender

with two prior convictions for crimes of violence. These Lisotta5 factors weigh in

favor of a serious sentence. As for the third factor, comparison to other sentences

for similar crimes, Louisiana courts have affirmed seventy-five-year sentences for

armed robbery convictions. See State v. Queen, 17-599 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/4/18), 237

So.3d 547, writ denied, 18-211 (La. 11/20/18), 257 So.3d 186, abrogated in part by

State v. Sagastume, 22-1824 (La. 12/8/23), 379 So.3d 1243; State v. Gross, 05-903

(La.App. 5 Cir. 3/28/06), 927 So.2d 583, writ denied, 06-1465 (La. 2/16/07), 949

So.2d 408; State v. Mitchell, 586 So.2d 701 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1991).

Defendant argues on appeal, as he did in the trial court, that his financial straits

drove him to participate in the crime. He also argues that the seventy-five-year term

is effectively a life sentence for him. We find that these arguments carry no weight.

Even a dire financial situation does not excuse the violent acts that Defendant

committed in this case. A seventy-five-year sentence is as much a life sentence for

any human as it is for Defendant.

Defendant argues that the evidence that he was armed during the shootings is

“highly debatable.” This argument falls outside the limits of a bare constitutional

analysis for excessiveness.

5
State v. Lisotta, 98-648 (La.App. 5 Cir. 12/16/98), 726 So.2d 57, writ denied, 99-433 (La.
6/25/99), 745 So.2d 1183.
13

Finally, Defendant suggests that his role in the robbery was minor and that he

is simply being punished for going to trial. He alleges that one accomplice, Petite,

was acquitted in a separate proceeding. He states that the other accomplice, Latchie,

entered into a plea arrangement and received a sentence of twenty-nine years. As

with his previous assertion, this argument falls outside the parameters of a bare

excessiveness claim. Further, the argument is not pertinent, as Defendant went to

trial separately.

The evidence in this case supports Defendant’s conviction, even if he is

viewed as having taken a relatively minor role in the crime. The record shows ample

evidence of Defendant’s active role in the robbery. Robinson testified that she saw

Defendant in possession of a gun, although she did not see him fire it. Stelly, the

firearms expert, testified that three weapons were fired at the scene. Further,

pursuant to Tucker, 368 So.3d 187, and the jurisprudence cited therein, the sentence

is not constitutionally excessive.

For these reasons, we find that this assignment of error lacks merit.

Consequently, Defendant’s sentence is affirmed.

V.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we find no merit to any of the arguments advanced

by Defendant, Jaleel J. Tousant. Accordingly, we affirm his conviction on the charge

of principal to armed robbery, a violation of La.R.S. 14:24 and 14:64, and his

sentence of seventy-five years at hard labor without benefit of parole, probation, or

suspension of sentence.

AFFIRMED.

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