Eric R. Ehlenberger, M.D. Versus Guardian Medical Group, LLC & Sidney Abusch, C.P.A.

ERIC R. EHLENBERGER, M.D. NO. 19-CA-446

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

GUARDIAN MEDICAL GROUP, LLC & COURT OF APPEAL
SIDNEY ABUSCH, C.P.A.
STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 729-683, DIVISION "O"
HONORABLE DANYELLE M. TAYLOR, JUDGE PRESIDING

May 29, 2020

ROBERT A. CHAISSON
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Marc E. Johnson,
Robert A. Chaisson, and John J. Molaison, Jr.

APPEAL DISMISSED; JUDGMENT VACATED PURSUANT TO OUR
SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION; REMANDED
RAC
MEJ
JJM

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE,
ERIC R. EHLENBERGER, M.D.
Julie U. Quinn

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
GUARDIAN MEDICAL GROUP, LLC & SIDNEY ABUSCH, C.P.A.
Anthony L. Glorioso

CHAISSON, J.

For the following reasons, we dismiss this appeal. However, pursuant to our

supervisory jurisdiction, we vacate the judgment of the trial court, and remand the

case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Dr. Eric Ehlenberger filed a petition for damages on August 6, 2013, against

Guardian Medical Group, LLC (Guardian) and Sidney Abusch, C.P.A. In his

petition, he alleged that he was an employee of defendants and that they withheld

federal and state taxes from his pay but failed to properly remit those taxes to the

taxing authorities. Dr. Ehlenberger did not request declaratory relief in his

petition. On September 24, 2013, defendants filed their answer denying many of

Dr. Ehlenberger’s allegations. On February 12, 2016, Guardian filed a

reconventional demand against Dr. Ehlenberger for damages and breach of

contract for purported violations of a confidentiality agreement and unauthorized

use of confidential patient information. On November 26, 2018, Dr. Ehlenberger

filed a “Motion for a Declaratory Judgment” regarding his employment status,

seeking to have the court declare that he was an employee of Guardian during the

years 2009 and 2010. Defendants opposed this motion both on the merits

(disputing Dr. Ehlenberger’s status as an employee) and by arguing that a “motion

for declaratory judgment” is an inappropriate procedural vehicle to determine this

disputed factual issue.

Following a hearing on the motion, the trial court issued a judgment on

March 28, 2019, granting the motion and declaring Dr. Ehlenberger to have been

an employee of Guardian from October 1, 2008, until May 10, 2010. Guardian

filed a motion for a new trial in which it argued that a new trial was warranted

because new evidence had been discovered. Additionally, Guardian again argued

that the claim for declaratory relief required a trial on the merits where each party

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had an opportunity to present evidence in a form other than verified pleadings and

affidavits. The motion for a new trial was denied. Defendants initially filed a

notice of intent to file for supervisory writs, but subsequently, citing La. C.C.P. art.

1871, filed a devolutive appeal on the basis that “a judgment granting declaratory

relief has the force and effect of a final judgment or decree.”

On appeal, defendants argue that the trial court erred when it allowed Dr.

Ehlenberger to proceed by summary hearing on a “motion for declaratory

judgment,” rather than proceeding by a trial on the merits. In his reply brief, Dr.

Ehlenberger argues that this Court lacks jurisdiction to hear the appeal because the

March 28, 2019 judgment is not a final judgment under La. C.C.P. art. 1915(A)

and had not been properly certified as a partial final judgment under La. C.C.P. art.

1915(B). Dr. Ehlenberger also argues that defendants waived any objection to the

improper use of summary proceedings when they failed to file an exception in the

lower court. Finally, he argues that the motion for declaratory judgment is a

proper procedure for resolving this dispute, but, if it is not, that this Court should

look beyond the title of the motion, as being one for declaratory judgment, and

consider it as a motion for summary judgment, for which summary proceedings are

proper.

DISCUSSION

We consider first our jurisdiction to hear this appeal. An appeal is the

exercise of the right of a party to have a judgment of a trial court revised, modified,

set aside, or reversed by an appellate court. La. C.C.P. art. 2082. A final judgment

is appealable in all cases in which appeals are given by law, while an interlocutory

judgment is appealable only when expressly provided by law. La. C.C.P. art.

2083. An interlocutory judgment does not determine the merits, but only

preliminary matters in the course of the action, while a final judgment determines

the merits in whole or in part. La. C.C.P. art. 1841.

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The declaratory judgment action is designed to provide a means for

adjudication of cases involving an actual controversy that has not yet reached a

stage where either party can seek a coercive remedy. Chauvet v. City of Westwego,

599 So.2d 294, 296 (La. 1992). In cases where it is appropriate, a court may

declare the rights of parties in order to terminate an actual controversy even if

further relief is, or could, be claimed. Id. Generally, the purpose of a declaratory

judgment pursuant to La. C.C.P. arts. 1871 et seq., is simply to establish the rights

of the parties or to express the opinion of the court on a question of law without

ordering anything to be done. Schmill v. St. Charles Par., 96-894 (La. App. 5 Cir.

3/12/97), 692 So.2d 1161, 1166. When a proceeding on a declaratory judgment

involves the determination of an issue of fact, the declaratory judgment can be

rendered only after holding a trial on the merits where each party has an

opportunity to present evidence in a form other than verified pleadings and

affidavits. Reyes v. S. Envtl. of LA, 13-380 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/19/13), 131 So.3d

450, 454; La. C.C.P. art. 1879. The declaration has the force and effect of a final

judgment or decree. La. C.C.P. art. 1871.

The March 28, 2019 judgment declares Dr. Ehlenberger’s status as an

employee from 2008 to 2010, and under both La. C.C.P. art. 1871 and La. C.C.P.

art. 1841, should be considered a final judgment that resolves a dispute at the heart

of both Dr. Ehlenberger’s original claims and the defendants’ reconventional

demands. However, because this judgment does not determine the merits of the

parties’ dispute in whole, and resolves only one of several issues in this case, it is

only a partial final judgment. La. C.C.P. art. 1915 states the procedure for appeals

from partial final judgments:

A. A final judgment may be rendered and signed by the court, even
though it may not grant the successful party or parties all of the relief
prayed for, or may not adjudicate all of the issues in the case, when
the court:

19-CA-446 3

(1) Dismisses the suit as to less than all of the parties, defendants,
third party plaintiffs, third party defendants, or intervenors.
(2) Grants a motion for judgment on the pleadings, as provided by
Articles 965, 968, and 969.
(3) Grants a motion for summary judgment, as provided by Articles
966 through 969, but not including a summary judgment granted
pursuant to Article 966(E).
(4) Signs a judgment on either the principal or incidental demand,
when the two have been tried separately, as provided by Article 1038.
(5) Signs a judgment on the issue of liability when that issue has been
tried separately by the court, or when, in a jury trial, the issue of
liability has been tried before a jury and the issue of damages is to be
tried before a different jury.
(6) Imposes sanctions or disciplinary action pursuant to Article 191,
863, or 864 or Code of Evidence Article 510(G).

B. (1) When a court renders a partial judgment or partial summary
judgment or sustains an exception in part, as to one or more but less
than all of the claims, demands, issues, or theories against a party,
whether in an original demand, reconventional demand, cross-claim,
third-party claim, or intervention, the judgment shall not constitute a
final judgment unless it is designated as a final judgment by the court
after an express determination that there is no just reason for delay.
(2) In the absence of such a determination and designation, any such
order or decision shall not constitute a final judgment for the purpose
of an immediate appeal and may be revised at any time prior to
rendition of the judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights
and liabilities of all the parties.

C. If an appeal is taken from any judgment rendered under the
provisions of this Article, the trial court shall retain jurisdiction to
adjudicate the remaining issues in the case.

Section A of this article enumerates a list of partial final judgments which

are immediately appealable, while Section B allows for the appeal of partial

judgments only when they have been designated as a final judgment by the trial

court after an express determination that there is no just reason for delay. This

Court has previously found that a declaratory judgment rendered by the trial court

during the course of an ongoing suit was not immediately appealable because the

trial court failed to designate that partial judgment as final as required by La.

C.C.P. art. 1915(B). Hodgins v. Hodgins, 98-1009 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/26/99), 726

So.2d 466, 468. It is undisputed in this case that the trial court never certified the

19-CA-446 4

judgment in question as final, and therefore we lack jurisdiction to consider this

appeal. Accordingly, we dismiss this appeal.

A court of appeal has plenary power to exercise supervisory jurisdiction over

district courts and may do so at any time, according to the discretion of the court.

Herlitz Const. Co., Inc. v. Hotel Inv’rs of New Iberia, Inc., 396 So.2d 878 (La.

1981). We exercise our supervisory jurisdiction now to address the use of a

“motion for declaratory judgment” in these proceedings to address the discrete

factual issue of whether Dr. Ehlenberger was an employee of defendants. In Tyler

v. Grantham, 26,678 (La. App. 2 Cir. 7/21/94), 641 So.2d 632, 633, the Court

noted that there is a “general rule that declaratory judgment proceedings cannot be

used merely to try issues … involved in a pending case. … [W]hile provisions of

La. C.C.P. art. 1871 state that the existence of another adequate remedy does not

preclude a judgment for declaratory relief in cases where it is appropriate, it does

not follow that declaratory judgment is appropriate in instances where there exists

another more appropriate remedy.” This reasoning is supported by La. C.C.P. art.

1876, which states a court may refuse to render a declaratory judgment or decree

where such judgment or decree, if rendered, would not terminate the uncertainty or

controversy giving rise to the proceeding. The trial court’s partial judgment in this

case declaring Dr. Ehlenberger’s employment status did not terminate the

uncertainty or controversy giving rise to this proceeding; there remain outstanding

disputed issues of fact and questions of law yet to be resolved on both the primary

demand and the demands in reconvention. The proper procedural vehicle to

resolve the disputed employment issue in this case is a motion for partial summary

judgment. Accordingly, we vacate the procedurally improper March 28, 2019

declaratory judgment rendered by the trial court.

19-CA-446 5

CONCLUSION

We dismiss this appeal for lack of proper certification of a partial final

judgment as required under La. C.C.P. art. 1915(B). Nevertheless, exercising our

supervisory jurisdiction, we vacate the March 28, 2019 judgment of the trial court

rendered on a procedurally improper motion for declaratory judgment, and remand

this case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

APPEAL DISMISSED;
JUDGMENT VACATED PURSUANT
TO OUR SUPERVISORY
JURISDICTION; REMANDED

19-CA-446 6

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

MARY E. LEGNON
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
HANS J. LILJEBERG
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
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I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
MAY 29, 2020 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES NOT
REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

19-CA-446
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE DANYELLE M. TAYLOR (DISTRICT JUDGE)
JULIE U. QUINN (APPELLEE) JUSTIN E. ALSTERBERG (APPELLEE)

MAILED
ANTHONY L. GLORIOSO (APPELLANT)
ATTORNEY AT LAW
412 DOLHONDE STREET
GRETNA, LA 70053