State of Louisiana v. George Jameson Gray, III

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

10-1059

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

GEORGE JAMESON GRAY, III

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APPEAL FROM THE
FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 7105-10
HONORABLE DAVID KENT SAVOIE, DISTRICT JUDGE

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JOHN D. SAUNDERS
JUDGE

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Court composed of John D. Saunders, Oswald A. Decuir, and Jimmie C. Peters,
Judges.

AFFIRMED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.

John Foster DeRosier, District Attorney
Carla Sue Sigler, Assistant District Attorney
14th Judicial District Court
P. O. Box 3206
Lake Charles, LA 70602-3206
(337) 437-3400
Counsel for Appellee:
State of Louisiana

Paula Corley Marx
Louisiana Appellate Project
P. O. Box 80006
Lafayette, LA 70598-0006
(337) 991-9757
Counsel for Defendant/Appellant:
George Jameson Gray III

SAUNDERS, Judge,

Defendant, George Jameson Gray III, was convicted of manslaughter on

October 30, 2009, and was charged by bill of information with being a second felony

offender on January 13, 2010. At a hearing on January 29, 2010, the trial court

adjudicated Defendant a second felony offender. The trial court found Defendant’s

“extensive history of violent conduct,” taken from the pre-sentencing report, included

“simple battery, violation of a restraining order, unauthorized entry, harassment, [and]

criminal damage to property,” along with “a couple of distribution of CDS charges,

violation of restraining orders, second degree battery, [and] simple battery.” Based

on this history, the trial court found Defendant “has no sense of when to hold back”

and sentenced him to fifty years at hard labor without benefit of probation or

suspension of sentence. Defendant now appeals his adjudication and his sentence.

ERRORS PATENT:

In accordance with La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed by this

court for errors patent on the face of the record. After reviewing the record, we find

no errors patent, but the sentencing minutes are in need of correction.

The court minutes of sentencing indicate that the judge imposed the

Defendant’s sentence without benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence.

However, the sentencing transcript reveals that the judge imposed the Defendant’s

sentence without benefit of probation or suspension of sentence, as required by

La.R.S. 15:529.1(G).1 (R. pp. 49-51). In State v. Wommack, 00-137, p. 4 (La.App.

3 Cir. 6/7/00), 770 So.2d 365, 369, writ denied, 00-2051 (La. 9/21/01), 797 So.2d 62,

1
The restrictions on parole eligibility imposed on multiple offender sentences under La.R.S.
15:529.1 are those called for in the referenced statute. See State v. Tate, 99-1483, pp. 1-2 (La.
11/24/99), 747 So.2d 519, and State v. Dossman, 06-449 (La.App. 3 Cir. 9/27/06), 940 So.2d 876,
writ denied, 06-2683 (La. 6/1/07), 957 So.2d 174. Louisiana Revised Statutes 14:31 does not restrict
parole eligibility.

this court stated “it is well settled that when the minutes and the transcript conflict,

the transcript prevails. See State v. Webster, 95-605 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/2/95), 664

So.2d 624.” Thus, the trial court is ordered to correct the minutes of sentencing to

correctly reflect the sentence imposed.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1:

Defendant complains his adjudication was fundamentally unfair. He claims the

trial court deprived him of due process of law by failing to advise him of his right to

remain silent prior to the hearing and adjudication, by failing to advise him of the

State’s burden of proof and his right to refute his alleged status at a contradictory

hearing, by arraigning him without counsel, and by scheduling the adjudication

hearing only four days after his arraignment.

The record shows Defendant’s claim that he was not advised of his right to

remain silent, normally a possible error patent, is correct. However, where the State

presents adequate evidence to prove the existence of a defendant’s prior convictions

and that a defendant is the same person previously convicted, such error is harmless.

State v. Spencer, 96-248 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/6/96), 683 So.2d 1326, writ denied, 96-

2938 (La. 5/9/97), 693 So.2d 773. Further, when a defendant is given a

fundamentally fair hearing, failure to advise him of his right to remain silent is

harmless error even where he does not remain silent. State v. Gobert, 09-607

(La.App. 3 Cir. 12/9/09), 24 So.3d 1013, writ denied, 09-2830 (La. 6/18/10), 38

So.3d 321; State v. Samuel, 08-100 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/28/08), 984 So.2d 256, writ

denied, 08-1419 (La. 2/20/09), 1 So.3d 493, and writ denied, 08-1487 (La. 2/20/09),

1 So.3d 495.

2

Defendant argues he did not remain silent at the adjudication hearing because,

through counsel, he admitted the original signature on the Waiver of Constitutional

Rights and Plea of Guilty form was his. The record of the adjudication hearing shows

the entire record of Defendant’s prior conviction on April 28, 2003, was introduced

as Exhibit S-3. Defense counsel told the trial court, “Your Honor, I have reviewed

the file from the clerk’s office. I have reviewed the document with [Defendant] and

reviewed his signature. He has agreed that it is his original signature, and we have

no objection to the introduction of that.”

Regardless if defense counsel’s statement equates with Defendant not

remaining silent at the hearing, the trial court’s failure to advise Defendant of his

right to remain silent is harmless error. The record of the adjudication hearing shows

the State adequately proved Defendant’s identity and prior conviction with evidence

independent of defense counsel’s statement.

The trial court recognized Joyce Miller, forensic analyst and latent fingerprint

examiner with the Southwest Louisiana Crime Lab, as an expert in fingerprint

matching without objection from Defendant. Miller took fingerprints from Defendant

on January 26, 2010. She compared those prints to those she found on an indictment

in docket number 4609-01, dated February 15, 2001, charging Defendant with

distribution of cocaine, amended on April 29, 2003 to possession of cocaine, and she

found the prints to be a match. Court minutes dated April 29, 2003, indicate

Defendant pled guilty to the charge of possession of cocaine and was sentenced for

that offense. Jason Nelson, probation and parole officer for the State, testified he

supervised Defendant from April 28, 2003, when Defendant was placed on probation,

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until February 20, 2004.2 Nelson identified Defendant in the courtroom as the same

person he supervised. Therefore, the State presented adequate, independent evidence

of both the convictions and of Defendant’s identity, and Defendant received a

fundamentally fair hearing while being represented by counsel. Thus, the trial court’s

failure to advise Defendant of his right to remain silent is harmless, even though

Defendant agreed the plea form contained his original signature.

Next, Defendant argues he was arraigned without counsel and was not advised

of the State’s burden of proof or of his right to refute his alleged status at a

contradictory hearing. This court has held the failure to advise a defendant of his

rights to a hearing and to be advised of the State’s burden of proof is harmless where

he is adjudicated a multiple offender after a full hearing and he does not testify or

acknowledge his status as a habitual offender. State v. Pitre, 04-1134 (La.App. 3 Cir.

2/9/05), 893 So.2d 1009, 1012 (citing State v. Beverly, 03-1348 (La.App. 3 Cir.

3/3/04), 867 So.2d 107); Gobert, 24 So.3d at 1015. As discussed above, even if

Defendant’s acknowledgment of his signature is an admission of his multiple offender

status, any error is still harmless because of the independent evidence of Defendant’s

convictions and identity. Additionally, although Defendant was arraigned without

counsel, he was represented by counsel at the adjudication hearing. Further,

Defendant waived the appearance of counsel for the purpose of arraignment only and

thus, may not now complain that he had no representation at that time. See State v.

Tarver, 02-973 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/12/03), 846 So.2d 851, writ denied, 03-1157 (La.

11/14/03), 858 So.2d 416. Therefore, this argument is without merit.

2
The record reflects confusion about whether the actual date of Defendant’s prior conviction
was April 28, 2003 or April 29, 2003.

4

Finally, Defendant complains for the first time on appeal that his January 29,

2010 adjudication hearing took place only four days after his January 25, 2010

arraignment. He claims “[i]t is unclear how counsel could consult with [him] and

prepare for the hearing with only three days notice, and no time for the filing of

objections,” but he admits “defense counsel indicated he was ready to proceed with

the hearing on January 29, 2010.” Defendant made no request to postpone the

adjudication hearing, and he made no objection at the hearing pertaining to the trial

court’s failure to observe the fifteen-day delay required by La.R.S. 15:529.1(D)(1)(a).

Thus, any objection to an untimely hearing cannot be raised now, when no objection

was made prior to or at the hearing and where counsel announced at the hearing that

he was ready to proceed. La.Code Crim.P. art. 841.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2:

Defendant argues that his sentence of fifty years at hard labor, without benefit

of probation or suspension of sentence, is excessive. Louisiana Code of Criminal

Procedure Article 881.1(E) requires a defendant to make or file a motion to

reconsider his sentence within thirty days of imposition of the sentence. A defendant

who fails to make or file such a motion is precluded from raising any objection to the

sentence on appeal. State v. White, 03-1535 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/28/04), 872 So.2d 588;

State v. Prudhomme, 02-511 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/30/02), 829 So.2d 1166, writ denied,

02-3230 (La. 10/10/03), 855 So.2d 324. Defendant here did not make or file a motion

to reconsider his sentence in the trial court. Nevertheless, we will review Defendant’s

argument as a bare claim of excessiveness. State v. Baker, 08-54 (La.App. 3 Cir.

5/7/08), 986 So.2d 682.

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This court has set out a standard to be used in reviewing excessive sentence

claims:

La.Const. art. I, § 20 guarantees that, “[n]o law shall subject any
person to cruel or unusual punishment.” To constitute an excessive
sentence, the reviewing court must find the penalty so grossly
disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock our sense of
justice or that the sentence makes no measurable contribution to
acceptable penal goals and is, therefore, nothing more than a needless
imposition of pain and suffering. State v. Campbell, 404 So.2d 1205
(La.1981). The trial court has wide discretion in the imposition of
sentence within the statutory limits and such sentence shall not be set
aside as excessive absent a manifest abuse of discretion. State v.
Etienne, 99-192 [p.5] (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99); 746 So.2d 124, writ
denied, 00-0165 (La.6/30/00); 765 So.2d 1067. The relevant question
is whether the trial court abused its broad sentencing discretion, not
whether another sentence might have been more appropriate. State v.
Cook, 95-2784 [p. 3] (La.5/31/96); 674 So.2d 957, cert. denied, 519
U.S. 1043, 117 S.Ct. 615, 136 L.Ed.2d 539 (1996).

State v. Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, p. 12 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/31/01), 779 So.2d 1035,

1042-43, writ denied, 01-838 (La. 2/1/02), 808 So.2d 331.

To decide whether a sentence shocks the sense of justice or makes no

meaningful contribution to acceptable penal goals, this court has held:

[A]n appellate court may consider several factors including the nature
of the offense, the circumstances of the offender, the legislative purpose
behind the punishment and a comparison of the sentences imposed for
similar crimes. State v. Smith, 99-0606 (La.7/6/00), 766 So.2d 501.
While a comparison of sentences imposed for similar crimes may
provide some insight, “it is well settled that sentences must be
individualized to the particular offender and to the particular offense
committed.” State v. Batiste, 594 So.2d 1 (La.App. 1 Cir.1991).
Additionally, it is within the purview of the trial court to particularize
the sentence because the trial judge “remains in the best position to
assess the aggravating and mitigating circumstances presented by each
case.” State v. Cook, 95-2784 (La. 5/31/96), 674 So.2d 957, 958.

State v. Smith, 02-719, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/12/03), 846 So.2d 786, 789, writ denied,

03-562 (La. 5/30/03), 845 So.2d 1061.

6

After Defendant’s conviction for manslaughter, the State filed a habitual

offender bill. Evidence at the habitual offender/sentencing hearing showed

Defendant was previously convicted of possession of cocaine in April of 2003, and

the trial judge indicated he had reviewed the pre-sentencing report and letters from

relatives of the victim. The victim’s wife, cousin, and sister also testified at the

sentencing hearing. Defendant’s counsel indicated Defendant’s extreme remorse for

Hayes’ death.

Applying the Smith factors, the nature of Defendant’s offense was a violent

crime that resulted in death. The presentencing report indicated “an extensive history

of violent conduct,” including “simple battery, violation of a restraining order,

unauthorized entry, harassment, [and] criminal damage to property.” The trial judge

believed Defendant “has no sense of when to hold back,” and “[h]e had, certainly, the

opportunity to do that out there on the street.”

The sentencing range for a manslaughter conviction for a second felony

offender is twenty to eighty years. La.R.S. 14:31 and 15:529.1. Defendant’s sentence

of fifty years at hard labor is in the middle of the sentencing range. This court

recently affirmed a fifty-year sentence where the defendant, convicted of

manslaughter, was a second felony offender. State v. Mincey, 09-155 (La.App. 3 Cir.

6/3/09), 12 So.3d 1105, writ granted in part, denied in part, 09-1743 (La. 4/5/10), 32

So.3d 219.

In Mincey, the defendant’s prior felony was a drug-related offense. Apparently,

he did not instigate the incident that led to the fatal shooting, but allowed it to

escalate, leading to the death of a victim who was uninvolved in the situation. The

7

Mincey panel cited cases from the first and fourth circuits in deciding the defendant’s

sentence was not excessive:

[W]e note that in State v. Loston, 03-977 (La.App. 1 Cir. 2/23/04), 874
So.2d 197, 210-11, writ denied, 04-792 (La.9/24/04), 882 So.2d 1167,
the first circuit affirmed a forty-year sentence for a second offender
whose underlying offense was manslaughter, and whose criminal history
included violent offenses. In State v. Mims, 97-1500 (La.App. 4 Cir.
6/21/00), 769 So.2d 44, writ denied, 00-2255 (La.6/22/01), 794 So.2d
781, and writ denied, 00-2270 (La.6/22/01), 794 So.2d 782, the fourth
circuit approved a forty-year sentence for a second felony offender, even
though the evidence suggested a co-defendant may have fired the fatal
shots, and the defendant's prior conviction was non-violent, because the
evidence also indicated the defendant instigated the situation that led to
the shooting. [Footnote omitted]. In State v. Walker, 99-2868 (La.App.
4 Cir. 10/18/00), 772 So.2d 218, the fourth circuit upheld a maximum
eighty-year sentence for a second habitual offender whose underlying
offense was manslaughter, in part because he callously dumped his
female victim’s nude body in a public street, and he had a history of
fighting women. That history was reflected mainly in arrests, rather than
convictions. Taken together, these cases indicate that Defendant’s mid-
range sentence is not outside the norm of Louisiana jurisprudence.

Mincey, 12 So.3d at 1107-08. Accordingly, we find the trial court here did not abuse

its discretion in sentencing Defendant to fifty years at hard labor.

DECREE:

The trial court is ordered to correct the minutes of sentencing to correctly

reflect the sentence imposed. Defendant’s adjudication and sentence are affirmed.

AFFIRMED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.

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